Fetuses Socalized in Womb to Exhibit Male or Female Brain Gene Expression

[Trausti]

Abstract

Widespread structural, chemical and molecular differences have been reported between the male and female human brain. Although several neurodevelopmental disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males, little is known regarding sex differences in early human brain development. Here, we used RNA sequencing data from a large collection of human brain samples from the second trimester of gestation (N = 120) to assess sex biases in gene expression within the human fetal brain. In addition to 43 genes (102 Ensembl transcripts) transcribed from the Y-chromosome in males, we detected sex differences in the expression of 2558 autosomal genes (2723 Ensembl transcripts) and 155 genes on the X-chromosome (207 Ensembl transcripts) at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1. Genes exhibiting sex-biased expression in human fetal brain are enriched for high-confidence risk genes for autism and other developmental disorders. Male-biased genes are enriched for expression in neural progenitor cells, whereas female-biased genes are enriched for expression in Cajal-Retzius cells and glia.

Sex differences in gene expression in the human fetal brain

The hetronormative patriarchy is absolutely insidious; infecting fetuses in the second trimester. Gender is not a binary! It is socially constructed, or something. Gender scholars need to work out how to protect the non-binary fetuses by the first trimester.

 

[Trausti]

This is the horror that patriarchy causes by socializing fetuses in the second trimester.

Machine learning of brain gray matter differentiates sex in a large forensic sample

Abstract

Differences between males and females have been extensively documented in biological, psychological, and behavioral domains. Among these, sex differences in the rate and typology of antisocial behavior remains one of the most conspicuous and enduring patterns among humans. However, the nature and extent of sexual dimorphism in the brain among antisocial populations remains mostly unexplored. Here, we seek to understand sex differences in brain structure between incarcerated males and females in a large sample (n = 1,300) using machine learning. We apply source‐based morphometry, a contemporary multivariate approach for quantifying gray matter measured with magnetic resonance imaging, and carry these parcellations forward using machine learning to classify sex. Models using components of brain gray matter volume and concentration were able to differentiate between males and females with greater than 93% generalizable accuracy. Highly differentiated components include orbitofrontal and frontopolar regions, proportionally larger in females, and anterior medial temporal regions proportionally larger in males. We also provide a complimentary analysis of a nonforensic healthy control sample and replicate our 93% sex discrimination. These findings demonstrate that the brains of males and females are highly distinguishable.

What?!? There are objective differences between male and female brains? No way, xir.

 

[Trausti]

Paging Judith Butler.

Baby boys and girls receive different nutrients in breast milk

A mother's milk may contain different levels of nutrients depending on the sex of her baby to meet different growth needs

 

[GenesisNemesis]

Highly differentiated components include orbitofrontal and frontopolar regions, proportionally larger in females, and anterior medial temporal regions proportionally larger in males.

Hmmm...

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitofrontal_cortex

So... the female brain can make more connections for decision-making than male brains? Hmmm...

Oh wait that would be too politically correct of a conclusion to make from that. Therefore it must be false.

Interesting tidbit:

The OFC is capable of modulating aggressive behavior via a projections to interneurons in the amygdala that inhibit glutaminergic projections to the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Wonder how that relates to differences in male/female aggression.

 

[blastula]

Did somebody say the biology is the same between sexes?

 

[Bronzeage]

Did somebody say the biology is the same between sexes?

It turns out, boys are different from girls. Weird, huh?

Of course, a process which requires minute amounts of a molecularly specific compound to be synthesized at the right moment, in the right amount, so that the differences between boys and girls actually appear, could possibly be disrupted by any number of factors. I find it amazing that any of us have made it this far, in as good a shape as we are.

 

[Underseer]

Yes, there are physical differences between makes brains and female brains.

Transgender people have brains with physical characteristics of the opposite sex, and that's before we even start to talk about infants born with indeterminate sexual characteristics.

The science does not support your insistence that only cisgender individuals exist, but don't let scientific facts get in the way of your religion of hate.

You seen awfully obsessed with transgender people.

Is there something you want to tell us, Trausti? We'll try not to judge.

- - - Updated - - -

It's almost as if the homophobes are statistically more likely to be homosexuals in denial or something. Not that there's any science supporting that. Just kidding. There is.

 

[repoman]

 

[repoman]

 

[untermensche]

The issues of today are about the human mind.

Not the human brain.

 

[Trausti]

The issues of today are about the human mind.

Not the human brain.

You don't think the two are connect? The mind just falls from the sky? Phineas Gage begs to differ.

 

[untermensche]

The issues of today are about the human mind.

Not the human brain.

You don't think the two are connect? The mind just falls from the sky? Phineas Gage begs to differ.

We don't know anything about how a mind is created or what it is, except our subjective experience of one mind.

We do know the obvious.

A brain is not a mind.

So who cares about this talk of brains?

What is important is minds not brains.

When you can say something about minds you will have a point.

 

[Trausti]

The issues of today are about the human mind.

Not the human brain.

You don't think the two are connect? The mind just falls from the sky? Phineas Gage begs to differ.

We don't know anything about how a mind is created or what it is, except our subjective experience of one mind.

We do know the obvious.

A brain is not a mind.

So who cares about this talk of brains?

What is important is minds not brains.

When you can say something about minds you will have a point.

Can you have a mind without a brain? Asking for Mr. Scarecrow.

 

[untermensche]

We don't know anything about how a mind is created or what it is, except our subjective experience of one mind.

We do know the obvious.

A brain is not a mind.

So who cares about this talk of brains?

What is important is minds not brains.

When you can say something about minds you will have a point.

Can you have a mind without a brain? Asking for Mr. Scarecrow.

I have no idea if you can have a mind without a brain.

Nobody knows that since nobody knows what a mind is.

But what is known beyond doubt is a brain is not a mind.

 

[repoman]

This is fascinating, listen to the whole thing untermensche.

 

[untermensche]

This guy knows what he is. He's a gay man.

He says he wanted to be a girl when he was very young. He says he liked the things girls liked.

The transgender goes further and says I am a girl and they say it as an adult not just as a small child.

Most definitely the time in the womb has something to do with it.

What is the point?

 

[ronburgundy]

The issues of today are about the human mind.

Not the human brain.

You don't think the two are connect? The mind just falls from the sky? Phineas Gage begs to differ.

We don't know anything about how a mind is created or what it is, except our subjective experience of one mind.

We do know the obvious.

A brain is not a mind.

What we know is that the mind is a byproduct of the brain and that everything about the mind and subjective experience can be altered by altering the physical brain. There is mountains of data confirming this causal dependence and going way beyond mere correlation.
Those denying this are those trying to maintain "woo" and an excuse to ignore reason and science when it gets in the way of their dogma.

Psychological gender is an aspect of the "mind", and like all aspects of the mind, it is a byproduct of the physical brain and thus a result of interactions between genetic code and environmental factors, which includes fetal hormone exposure that shape development of the many brain features that are both shared and highly vary on average between the biological sexes.

However, contrary to the OP, this science does not undermine the biological foundation of transgenders nor does it support a binary conception of gender. The differences between the sexes are on average with huge variations along a non-binary continuum around each average tendency, such that a large % of males overlap with a large % of females on these measures of gene expression and brain features. Plus, there is science showing that fetal development of the genitals and of the brain regions involved in psychological gender occur at different time points and thus have different In-Utero factors impacting them. Which makes it not only plausible but likely, that some % of fetuses will develop brains (and thus psychology or "minds") that are more like the brains and "minds" of typical members of the opposite sex in terms of chromosomes and genitals (not even considering the % of babies with genitals that cannot be categorized into a binary system).

 

[repoman]

Also what about epigenetics, which is as I understand it whether certain genes are turned on or not. That could help make the argument "well if it were genetic the trait would die out" be shown as specious.

This is in addition to what DNA (or epigenetic state) in a male would leak to transgender may in a female lead to something like being hyper cisgender. So it would still persist.

 

[repoman]

We don't know anything about how a mind is created or what it is, except our subjective experience of one mind.

We do know the obvious.

A brain is not a mind.

What we know is that the mind is a byproduct of the brain and that everything about the mind and subjective experience can be altered by altering the physical brain. There is mountains of data confirming this causal dependence and going way beyond mere correlation.
Those denying this are those trying to maintain "woo" and an excuse to ignore reason and science when it gets in the way of their dogma.

Psychological gender is an aspect of the "mind", and like all aspects of the mind, it is a byproduct of the physical brain and thus a result of interactions between genetic code and environmental factors, which includes fetal hormone exposure that shape development of the many brain features that are both shared and highly vary on average between the biological sexes.

However, contrary to the OP, this science does not undermine the biological foundation of transgenders nor does it support a binary conception of gender. The differences between the sexes are on average with huge variations along a non-binary continuum around each average tendency, such that a large % of males overlap with a large % of females on these measures of gene expression and brain features. Plus, there is science showing that fetal development of the genitals and of the brain regions involved in psychological gender occur at different time points and thus have different In-Utero factors impacting them. Which makes it not only plausible but likely, that some % of fetuses will develop brains (and thus psychology or "minds") that are more like the brains and "minds" of typical members of the opposite sex in terms of chromosomes and genitals (not even considering the % of babies with genitals that cannot be categorized into a binary system).

Is the medical abililty to alter some aspects of hormones and anatomy reshaping the concept of transgenderism?

If medicine were off the table what would the concepts around it be?

 

[Trausti]

However, contrary to the OP, this science does not undermine the biological foundation of transgenders nor does it support a binary conception of gender. The differences between the sexes are on average with huge variations along a non-binary continuum around each average tendency, such that a large % of males overlap with a large % of females on these measures of gene expression and brain features. Plus, there is science showing that fetal development of the genitals and of the brain regions involved in psychological gender occur at different time points and thus have different In-Utero factors impacting them. Which makes it not only plausible but likely, that some % of fetuses will develop brains (and thus psychology or "minds") that are more like the brains and "minds" of typical members of the opposite sex in terms of chromosomes and genitals (not even considering the % of babies with genitals that cannot be categorized into a binary system).

Just because there are outliers doesn't mean gender is not binary. Some people are born with six toes or three nipples or double dongs. The whole point to gender is procreation. Nature doesn't care about our feels.