lpetrich
Contributor
GameStop shares are on a wild, Reddit-driven run. Here's why. - The Washington Post - "Short sellers and retail investors have sent the video game company’s stock up more than 2,600 percent since its April lows"
GameStop shares spiked more than 140 percent Monday, forcing several trading pauses and extending a staggering rally sparked by the passions of retail investors on social media betting against the institutional wisdom of Wall Street.
But that frenzied optimism flipped, sending the stock briefly into negative territory late in the morning before it did another U-turn. It finished the day up more than 18 percent, at $76.79 a share.
The video game retailer’s stock has soared more than 300 percent since the beginning of the year, charting an epic run for a brick-and-mortar business that, like other retailers, has seen its customers migrate online, forcing the company to shutter hundreds of stores last year. But unlike many other stocks that have flourished because of the disruptions of the coronavirus pandemic, GameStop’s mind-boggling run has been fueled by a confluence of trading dynamics, pushing the stock price to dizzying heights, largely divorced from the fundamentals of the business.
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Part of GameStop’s tremendous climb is tied to those who believe its shares will sink. At the start of the year, GameStop was among the most highly targeted companies by short sellers — investors who bet against a company and who stand to make money when a stock price falls. To short a company, a seller typically borrows a stock and then sells it, with the intention of buying the stock back at a later date, once the price drops. The seller then returns the shares to the entity from which it borrowed, and pockets the difference in price.
But in cases where the pessimistic bet fails to pan out, and the stock price rises, short sellers still have to cover their borrowed shares and are forced to buy the stock back at the higher price. This is known as a “short squeeze.” In this situation, short sellers move to cut their losses and purchase shares that they expected to fall in value but in fact have risen. This money-losing “squeeze” can fuel a cycle of even higher prices, as short sellers buy more shares and drive costs upward.