What you are missing is that capital is just money. Money to buy capital machinery. Money to buy the tools of production. And that money is not a scarce resource. Money is created by people taking out debt either for consumption or investment and by the government spending more money into the economy than they take out by taxing.
And what you are missing is that at the level of society money has no value. Money
represents value--the underlying goods and services. Changing the amount of money simply changes the ratio of money:goods (inflation).
What drives the economy is demand. Demand is generated by wages, money in the hands of consumers. If there is the demand for products, there will be capital for investment. There is no trade off between development and consumption. You have to have consumption to have development.
Demand without supply = inflation. The economy is harmed, not helped. You need a
balance of capital & consumer spending--going off this balance point in
either direction causes harm. (Exactly where that balance point is is an unknown. Note, however, that it is not static, increasing technology moves the point more towards the capital side.)
Putting more money into profits instead of wages reduces the amount of consumption and the amount of development.
You're still suffering from the error of thinking that such money is removed from the system. It is not.
I have often asked you how much in profits do we need to guarantee we keep the capitalist machinery running? I think that we don't need any more than twice the amount of business investment made in a year. Of course, this is what profits are suppose to fund, the amount of business investment that is made every year and the returns to capital, the historical amount that is returned to the shareholders, a more than reasonable return considering the prevailing interest rates.
You're assuming the only thing that is done with profit is business investment. Hint: Retirement accounts. Fundamentally, all the gain in retirement money (whether 401k, IRA or non-privileged investments) is from business profit.
I am somewhat surprised, you seem to be defending this tax cut bill. Tell me it isn't so. You seemed to understand the arguments above. This discussion always comes down to the same thing. Keynesians describe how the economy operates and suggest that we use that knowledge to improve the economy for the greatest number of people. Non-Keynesians tell us how they wished that the economy works and how to make the rich even richer.
I am not defending this abomination. That doesn't make your attacks on it valid, though.
The only part of it I agree with is cutting corporate taxes--but I think they should be cut to zero, replaced with equivalent revenue from the upper middle class and above. It's not that I think corporations should get a free ride, it's that I realize that the tax actually gets passed through to the consumer--and thus is regressive rather than progressive.