George S
Veteran Member
Could it be that the solution to the Fermi paradox is that life takes a very, very rare event?
[YOUTUBE]RB5eUdHub8M[/YOUTUBE]
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My understanding is that planetary scientists do not believe the collision is the source of water on Earth.
My understanding is that planetary scientists do not believe the collision is the source of water on Earth.
My understanding was that comets impacting provided the water. The paper making the contrary claim is explained above.
My understanding is that planetary scientists do not believe the collision is the source of water on Earth.
My understanding was that comets impacting provided the water. The paper making the contrary claim is explained above.
Your link is to a youtube video not a paper. Do you have a link to a paper?
Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the recent discovery that all of the water on Earth may have come from the collision with Theia.
Read more:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0779-y
Letter | Published: 20 May 2019
Molybdenum isotopic evidence for the late accretion of outer Solar System material to Earth
Gerrit Budde, Christoph Burkhardt & Thorsten Kleine
Nature Astronomy (2019) | Download Citation
Abstract
Earth grew through collisions with Moon-sized to Mars-sized planetary embryos from the inner Solar System, but it also accreted material from greater heliocentric distances1,2, including carbonaceous chondrite-like bodies, the likely source of Earth’s water and highly volatile species3,4. Understanding when and how this material was added to Earth is critical for constraining the dynamics of terrestrial planet formation and the fundamental processes by which Earth became habitable. However, earlier studies inferred very different timescales for the delivery of carbonaceous chondrite-like bodies, depending on assumptions about the nature of Earth’s building materials5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here we show that the Mo isotopic composition of Earth’s primitive mantle falls between those of the non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous reservoirs12,13,14,15, and that this observation allows us to quantify the accretion of carbonaceous chondrite-like material to Earth independently of assumptions about its building blocks. As most of the Mo in the primitive mantle was delivered by late-stage impactors10, our data demonstrate that Earth accreted carbonaceous bodies late in its growth history, probably through the Moon-forming impact. This late delivery of carbonaceous material probably resulted from an orbital instability of the gas giant planets, and it demonstrates that Earth’s habitability is strongly tied to the very late stages of its growth.
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Hmm...Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the recent discovery that all of the water on Earth may have come from the collision with Theia.
How did the water not get lost after an impact like that?
How did the water not get lost after an impact like that?
Gravity. All the particulates in the atmosphere after the big asteroid strike in now Mexico eventually fell back to Earth.We do lose water to space but slowly. A
No, it most certainly does not. At any temperature high enough (and pressure low enough) to keep a material in its gas phase, it remains equally distributed, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. The only way to get it to settle to the bottom of the tank is to liquify it by either dropping the temperature, or raising the pressure, or both.Gas in tank actually settles over time due to gravity.
A density gradient develops from bottom to top of a tank.
Water vapour is liquid in small droplets - small enough that their terminal velocity is vastly greater than the velocities imparted by the surrounding air. Water in its gas phase is called steam, and it is very much a different thing from water vapour. (To the point where engineers who deal with steam turbines or steam engines talk about 'dry steam' - steam with no water vapour mixed in with it.Water vapor is still water.
There is a long-standing debate regarding the origin of the terrestrial planets' water as well as the hydrated C-type asteroids. Here we show that the inner Solar System's water is a simple byproduct of the giant planets' formation.Giant planet cores accrete gas slowly until the conditions are met for a rapid phase of runaway growth. As a gas giant's mass rapidly increases, the orbits of nearby planetesimals are destabilized and gravitationally scattered in all directions. Under the action of aerodynamic gas drag, a fraction of scattered planetesimals are deposited onto stable orbits interior to Jupiter's. This process is effective in populating the outer main belt with C-type asteroids that originated from a broad (5-20 AU-wide) region of the disk.
As the disk starts to dissipate, scattered planetesimals reach sufficiently eccentric orbits to cross the terrestrial planet region and deliver water to the growing Earth. This mechanism does not depend strongly on the giant planets' orbital migration history and is generic: whenever a giant planet forms it invariably pollutes its inner planetary system with water-rich bodies.
From: The Vapors | Electrical Contractor Magazine https://www.ecmag.com/section/safety/vapors
Gasoline is probably the best known and most widely used of the flammable or combustible liquids. ... Gasoline is very volatile when changing from a liquid to a vapor at low temperatures. Gasoline vapors are denser than air, meaning these vapors will sink and collect at the lowest point.
According to Volatile fluids are in constant flux between gaseous and liquid states in containers and elsewhere in the world. As steve_bank says gas vapor loses kinetic energy it settles toward the liquid surface and eventually will become liquid while at higher temperatures, as pressure varies, liquid gasoline near the surface will exceed energy needed to break the cohesive energy state of surface gas and become a gas vapor. So on both counts gas being heavier than air and gas vapors becoming gas liquid a reading of steve_bank's post is correct
So overall Vapor will settle and become liquid and liquid will evaporate from the liquid surface sustaining a more or less constant pressure/temperature/volume balance in a gas tank.
Of course if all there is in a gas tank is gasoline vapor and air, kept as appropriately high temperature, as bilby argues, gas will remain gas vapor above it's vaporization temperature, but since gasoline is heavier than air it will sink to the bottom of the tank again in line with steve_bank's assertion and remain a gas as bilby argues.
IMHO they are shouting past each other based on different assumptions.
As for evidence of Origin of Water in the Inner Solar System http://astrobiology.com/2017/07/origin-of-water-in-the-inner-solar-system.htmlp
There is a long-standing debate regarding the origin of the terrestrial planets' water as well as the hydrated C-type asteroids. Here we show that the inner Solar System's water is a simple byproduct of the giant planets' formation.Giant planet cores accrete gas slowly until the conditions are met for a rapid phase of runaway growth. As a gas giant's mass rapidly increases, the orbits of nearby planetesimals are destabilized and gravitationally scattered in all directions. Under the action of aerodynamic gas drag, a fraction of scattered planetesimals are deposited onto stable orbits interior to Jupiter's. This process is effective in populating the outer main belt with C-type asteroids that originated from a broad (5-20 AU-wide) region of the disk.
As the disk starts to dissipate, scattered planetesimals reach sufficiently eccentric orbits to cross the terrestrial planet region and deliver water to the growing Earth. This mechanism does not depend strongly on the giant planets' orbital migration history and is generic: whenever a giant planet forms it invariably pollutes its inner planetary system with water-rich bodies.
and presented in NOVA presentations recently this year suggests rather than water coming from comets water on the inner planets is probably due to jupiter and the other gas planets knocking meteors out of orbit and into earth and the inner planets.
While it is true that the sun blasted a lot of water into constitutes H2 and O and O2 and is still driving that matter outward there is evidence rocky planets retained water within supported by evidence there is still water on mars and the moon.
As for evolution I think bilby covered that pretty well. OK, OK. Brilliantly.
Is this perhaps a difference between American and Australian English?Gas isn't vapour. Vapour isn't gas.
Vapour is to gas, as emulsion is to solution.
A gas consists of free molecules moving independently and colliding individually with each other, and with the walls of its container.
A vapour consists of droplets of liquid, each containing huge numbers of molecules moving in concert through a gaseous substrate.
It does not have to be liquid water. Gravity acts on the atomic scale. One gas particle bouncing around a tank will eventually lose kinetic energy and fall to the bottom.
Gas in tank actually settles over time due to gravity.
A density gradient develops from bottom to top of a tank.
Water vapor is still water.