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Were gold and silver used as currency because they were useless?

LordKiran

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In a single statement? Pff
So this is just a thought I've had lately. Gold and silver and copper are ubiquitous as metal coinage across Afro-Eurasia, but why? Is it because they're shiny? Or is it because they were otherwise useless for practical applications unlike iron or bronze?
 
Gold and silver have another nice feature: they don't corrode very much, and gold is especially resistant to corrosion. So they are metals that don't rust away.

They are also rare. If they were less rare, then they would not be as valuable. Consider what happened when Spain conquered parts of the New World. Spain's leaders expected the gold and silver that they found to make their nation rich, but all it did was cause inflation. "Everything is dear in Spain except silver," someone noted around 1600. That was the  Price revolution of the  Spanish Empire.
 
appearance, corrosion resistance, rarity, and malleability are the factors associated with both jewelry and currency... for the same reasons.
 
Iron is not useful as money, it rusts and is too heavy.

http://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2013/01/spartan-iron-currency.html
Spartan Iron Currency


In about 600 b.c. Lycurgus, the famous Spartan lawgiver, put into Sparta’s constitution a provision that banned the circulation and possession of gold, silver, or other precious metals as a means of transacting business and replaced these forms of money with an iron currency, variously reported as being in the form of disc or bars. This provision was part of a plan of social reform intended to spare Sparta the evil consequences of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few citizens.

If I recall correctly, iron knives were used as currency in some British Celtic tribes.

Some ancient Chinese stares had iron money.

The southern states tended to use lead or iron coins with Sichuan with its own heavy iron coins which continued to circulate for a short period into the Song dynasty.[6]
 
So this is just a thought I've had lately. Gold and silver and copper are ubiquitous as metal coinage across Afro-Eurasia, but why? Is it because they're shiny? Or is it because they were otherwise useless for practical applications unlike iron or bronze?

From earliest times, gold and silver were used to make jewellery. Gold does not corrode and is rare, so wearing gold ornaments and owning gold articles were a mark of high rank.
 
Iron is not useful as money, it rusts and is too heavy.

http://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2013/01/spartan-iron-currency.html
Spartan Iron Currency


In about 600 b.c. Lycurgus, the famous Spartan lawgiver, put into Sparta’s constitution a provision that banned the circulation and possession of gold, silver, or other precious metals as a means of transacting business and replaced these forms of money with an iron currency, variously reported as being in the form of disc or bars. This provision was part of a plan of social reform intended to spare Sparta the evil consequences of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few citizens.

If I recall correctly, iron knives were used as currency in some British Celtic tribes.

Some ancient Chinese stares had iron money.

The southern states tended to use lead or iron coins with Sichuan with its own heavy iron coins which continued to circulate for a short period into the Song dynasty.[6]

I believe there are also examples of giant, spherical rock carvings (or something like that) being used as money. Some island peoples, perhaps.
 
Iron is not useful as money, it rusts and is too heavy.

http://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2013/01/spartan-iron-currency.html
Spartan Iron Currency


In about 600 b.c. Lycurgus, the famous Spartan lawgiver, put into Sparta’s constitution a provision that banned the circulation and possession of gold, silver, or other precious metals as a means of transacting business and replaced these forms of money with an iron currency, variously reported as being in the form of disc or bars. This provision was part of a plan of social reform intended to spare Sparta the evil consequences of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few citizens.

If I recall correctly, iron knives were used as currency in some British Celtic tribes.

Some ancient Chinese stares had iron money.

The southern states tended to use lead or iron coins with Sichuan with its own heavy iron coins which continued to circulate for a short period into the Song dynasty.[6]

Modern Philippine Peso coins contain a high enough proportion of iron to rust - or at least, they did in the 1990s when I was in Manila.
 
Iron is not useful as money, it rusts and is too heavy.

http://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2013/01/spartan-iron-currency.html
Spartan Iron Currency


In about 600 b.c. Lycurgus, the famous Spartan lawgiver, put into Sparta’s constitution a provision that banned the circulation and possession of gold, silver, or other precious metals as a means of transacting business and replaced these forms of money with an iron currency, variously reported as being in the form of disc or bars. This provision was part of a plan of social reform intended to spare Sparta the evil consequences of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few citizens.

If I recall correctly, iron knives were used as currency in some British Celtic tribes.

Some ancient Chinese stares had iron money.

The southern states tended to use lead or iron coins with Sichuan with its own heavy iron coins which continued to circulate for a short period into the Song dynasty.[6]

I believe there are also examples of giant, spherical rock carvings (or something like that) being used as money. Some island peoples, perhaps.


Yap Island.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_stones
 
Well, copper was useful because it was a significant part of making bronze and brass. Copper plus tin produces bronze, copper and zinc produces brass. Both hold an edge much, much better than any of the softer metals (but brass is more brittle).

Iron was even better at holding an edge and could withstand a lot of other abuse as well, which made it particularly good for things like plowshare blades. The problem which delayed iron development was that it required such considerably higher furnance temperatures to separate the metal from the ore. The upside was that once it could be separated, it was relatively available, a problem which had bedeviled bronze because of the relative unavailability of tin in the ancient world. Iron was widely available. And yes, iron was considered a very valuable commodity soon after it appeared, because of the initial relative costs in processing it. Once its ubiquity was assured by ready processing, iron quickly replaced most bronze tools, including particularly weapons. Adding carbon in the metal production process created steels. As an aside, aluminium was a high-value novelty metal until the ready availability of large amounts of electrical energy generated by hydroelectric dams to process the bauxite ore in to metal.
 
Well, copper was useful because it was a significant part of making bronze and brass. Copper plus tin produces bronze, copper and zinc produces brass. Both hold an edge much, much better than any of the softer metals (but brass is more brittle).

Iron was even better at holding an edge and could withstand a lot of other abuse as well, which made it particularly good for things like plowshare blades. The problem which delayed iron development was that it required such considerably higher furnance temperatures to separate the metal from the ore. The upside was that once it could be separated, it was relatively available, a problem which had bedeviled bronze because of the relative unavailability of tin in the ancient world. Iron was widely available. And yes, iron was considered a very valuable commodity soon after it appeared, because of the initial relative costs in processing it. Once its ubiquity was assured by ready processing, iron quickly replaced most bronze tools, including particularly weapons. Adding carbon in the metal production process created steels. As an aside, aluminium was a high-value novelty metal until the ready availability of large amounts of electrical energy generated by hydroelectric dams to process the bauxite ore in to metal.

Iron was not particularly common (by modern standards) until modern blast furnaces were developed in the 1700s. In the 'Iron Age', Iron was valuable enough to be used as money - trade between the various tribes on the periphery of the Roman Republic and the Republic itself often consisted of the exchange of goods desired by the Romans for iron ingots (or scrap), at least until the Roman Empire was established and iron was deemed to be an imperial military good, which should not be traded with barbarians.

At the height of the Roman Empire, the total Empire-wide production of iron per annum was around 80,000t - comparable to the amount of iron in just two large modern ships, and rather less than half the amount used in the construction of the World Trade Center. Charcoal fired bloomeries, as used by the Romans and the pre-industrial Europeans from the end of the Roman age until the start of the Industrial revolution, just don't lend themselves to the kind of mass production that blast furnaces allow.

Iron replaced bronze for tools and weapons despite being expensive, not because it became cheap. Arguably, the high cost of iron and steel (until very recently) was a major driver of the medieval social order, in which there were three major classes - the commoners, who were responsible for feeding everyone; the clergy, who were responsible for the spiritual welfare of everyone; and the nobility who were responsible for defending everyone. The latter task fell to the nobility, because nobody else could afford arms and armor, at least until well after this division of responsibilities had become thoroughly entrenched; And it would take until the French Revolution (and the outside France, the Great War of 1914-18) to break this pattern in Europe.
 
Well, copper was useful because it was a significant part of making bronze and brass. Copper plus tin produces bronze, copper and zinc produces brass. Both hold an edge much, much better than any of the softer metals (but brass is more brittle).

Iron was even better at holding an edge and could withstand a lot of other abuse as well, which made it particularly good for things like plowshare blades. The problem which delayed iron development was that it required such considerably higher furnance temperatures to separate the metal from the ore. The upside was that once it could be separated, it was relatively available, a problem which had bedeviled bronze because of the relative unavailability of tin in the ancient world. Iron was widely available. And yes, iron was considered a very valuable commodity soon after it appeared, because of the initial relative costs in processing it. Once its ubiquity was assured by ready processing, iron quickly replaced most bronze tools, including particularly weapons. Adding carbon in the metal production process created steels. As an aside, aluminium was a high-value novelty metal until the ready availability of large amounts of electrical energy generated by hydroelectric dams to process the bauxite ore in to metal.

Iron was not particularly common (by modern standards) until modern blast furnaces were developed in the 1700s. In the 'Iron Age', Iron was valuable enough to be used as money - trade between the various tribes on the periphery of the Roman Republic and the Republic itself often consisted of the exchange of goods desired by the Romans for iron ingots (or scrap), at least until the Roman Empire was established and iron was deemed to be an imperial military good, which should not be traded with barbarians.

At the height of the Roman Empire, the total Empire-wide production of iron per annum was around 80,000t - comparable to the amount of iron in just two large modern ships, and rather less than half the amount used in the construction of the World Trade Center. Charcoal fired bloomeries, as used by the Romans and the pre-industrial Europeans from the end of the Roman age until the start of the Industrial revolution, just don't lend themselves to the kind of mass production that blast furnaces allow.

Iron replaced bronze for tools and weapons despite being expensive, not because it became cheap. Arguably, the high cost of iron and steel (until very recently) was a major driver of the medieval social order, in which there were three major classes - the commoners, who were responsible for feeding everyone; the clergy, who were responsible for the spiritual welfare of everyone; and the nobility who were responsible for defending everyone. The latter task fell to the nobility, because nobody else could afford arms and armor, at least until well after this division of responsibilities had become thoroughly entrenched; And it would take until the French Revolution (and the outside France, the Great War of 1914-18) to break this pattern in Europe.

So imagine that gold or silver had practical industrial applications in a pre-industrial society. Would it have still been used as a currency so prominently?
 
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