Each “block” (area between cross streets) corresponds to a set of 100 numbers. And they increment every block. So if you live on a block where your number is 512 for example then the next block will have addresses in the 600s. So after ten blocks away from a designated “central” point the addresses will be over 1000. Also, even numbers are on one side of the street and odd numbers are on the other. This type of approach can make it easier to find a specific address even when you’re unfamiliar with a city.
That depends entirely on the municipality. For instance, my block and the next one are all within the same hundred. But our town does follow the street address numbering convention of odds on south/west and evens on north/east. Our town is divided into an east and a west based upon how the town was set up and functioned when it was founded over 150 years ago, with Center street, not Main Street being the dividing line. Our town sits on a river, and are numbered: Front Street, right along the river, 2nd street, 3rd street and so on, as streets are further from the river, with streets also taking on names in addition to their numbers about half a mile from the river. Our street is both numbered and named but 2nd and 3rd street are not. The streets that cross the numbered streets are all named, not numbered. More recent housing developments do not follow this convention and are not laid out on a grid as the main/older part of town is. At least one subdivision seems to have named streets after family members of the developer.
I grew up in a different state and in the small town where I grew up, actually, the subdivision where I grew up, none of the streets were straight but rather curved or circled, which was supposed to make cars go slower and be more family friendly. There was the even/odd convention for house numbers but street names seemed...arbitrary. Previous to that home, we had lived in a small house in the next town south of us and that street was numbered as were all the streets in that very, very modest neighborhood. I really don't know about the rest of the town---we moved when I was 7 and I haven't lived in that area in....many decades.
In some places, avenues go east/west and streets go north/south or the other way around. Washington DC is laid out in quandrants, for instance, with a NorthEast, North West, South East, South West as part of the addresses. Streets in DC may be known by numbers or by letters and some streets also are named. I've been in towns/cities where street names were alphabetical, and I've been in some states where county roads are not numbered but lettered, with double letters where necessary: for instance, County Road DD.
Many municipalities were founded before the state became a state and follow whatever conventions the founders felt best suited the town. There is no national convention and I'm not even certain that there is a convention at the individual state or even county level everywhere.
