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...Neolithic technology and Middle Eastern domestic animals and plants. Metals? JB and Alexei Kassian note at least 6 Proto-North-Caucasian terms: “*ɦĕrVcwĭ ‘silver’, *lŏʒV ̅ ‘a bright metal’, *rĕwcwi ‘red copper ; gold’, *riƛ(w)e ‘brass; gold’, *ṭɨš(w)ɨ ‘lead’, *ṭV ̆ tV(wV) ‘silver ; gold’...

Indeed one can. Neolithic Europe - I'll normalize the dates to BP, where "present" is 2000 CE. Basque: Cardium pottery (N Mediterranean, 8,400 BP - 7,500 BP) < Neolithic Greece (9,000–8,500 BP - 5,200 BP) , Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (Fertile Crescent, 10,800 BP - 8,500 BP) File:Expansion of...

I agree. It's remarkable how well-preserved 1x *m-, 2x *t-, "that" *t-, "who?" *k- is over northern Eurasia. Indeed there are. JB lists a LOT of them in (4) The Anthropological Context of Euskaro-Caucasian | John D Bengtson - Academia.edu Domestic animals: bovine, sheep, goat, pig Dairying...

JB to another responder: Or in non-laryngeal terms: *(ë)no-mn -- I've decided to write schwa as ë -- Wiktionary has h1nómn. That's a problem with IE *nomn ~ U *nimi -- the m in the IE form is part of a noun-forming suffix *-mn -- Latin -men (-min-), Greek -ma (-mat-), Sanskrit -ma (-man-)...

Sergei Starostin's big list of IE-NC borrowings was once published in Mother Tongue. I remember his argument that the borrowings went from NC to IE because IE has a simpler phonology than NC and that the NC forms covered the full range. He cited Russian borrowings into NC langs which use a...

...be true of distant cognates, and that's been a big problem for Altaic: how much is inherited and how much is borrowed? A common opinion is that *every* similar-looking word is borrowed, even the pronouns. I think that that's in excess, and that the Altaic families have a core of common...

...roughly 26 - 20 ky BP, and the Holocene Epoch began at 12 ky BP -- the time in between I like to call the terminal Pleistocene. "Name"? Proto-AA *sim -- Proto-Semitic *shim- -- Egyptian rin -- Proto-Berber *isem -- Proto-Chadic *s3m > Hausa suna -- Cushitic: Somali magac -- doesn't quite...

Fixing that last one: dsq = Square degree = square degrees in the sky Since quasars are not very bright in observation, one measures their positions relative to catalogued stars and uses those measurements to find those stars' positions relative to an inertial, nonrotating frame. Quasars are...

...Here's who qualifies for free tax filing through the IRS this season (the earlier list omitted Washington State) To the 12 states of this year (*) were added 12 more states: AK, *AZ, *CA, CT, *FL, ID, KS, *MA, MD, ME, NC, *NH, NJ, NM, *NV, *NY, OR, PA, *SD, *TN,* TX, *WA, WI, *WY. For the...

Our physics intuitions tend to be Aristotelian: that every objects tries to find its "natural" place and motion. But there are various things that can affect the Earth's rotation: Tidal drag - by far, the most significant Drag by the solar wind on the Earth's magnetosphere Electromagnetic...

I'd have to have more specific references. I'm sure that I can interpret the abstracts of paywalled ones. Did any of the papers describe any of the raw materials that were used in the experiments described in those papers? Were they RNA nucleotides? (phosphate) - (ribose) - (nucleobase) Or...

ChatGPT seems to me to be hopelessly glib, talking a lot but not saying very much.

...py2 = 1 Inner circle: (px-cx)2 + (py-cy)2 = py2 Tangent condition: {-py, px} . eps2 . {-(py-cy), (px-cx)} = 0 where eps2 is the 2D antisymmetric symbol {{0,1},{-1,0}}. The solution: px = 2*cx/(1+cx2) py = (1-cx2)/(1+cx2) cy = (1/2)*(1-cx2) The center of the inner circle is thus on a...

...Zeta Function Zeros -- from Wolfram MathWorld The trivial ones are for s = -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, ... The nontrivial ones have form s = sr + i*si, where 0 < sr < 1. The Riemann hypothesis states that all such zeros have sr = 1/2. Riemann hypothesis - Riemann Hypothesis -- from Wolfram...

Hardtack - dense biscuits / crackers - Salt pork - Corned beef - salt beef These were common rations for armies and navies in the 17th, 18th, & 19th cys. Another modern technique is Canning - sealing food in airtight containers like metal cans. The first canning was done in 1809, for...

Making the Senate proportional by population, like the House, is an interesting exercise. For that, I decided to use the Huntington-Hill highest-averages algorithm as my baseline one. The overall number of Senators is twice the number of states, but each state may have more or fewer Senators...

The tables did not get fixed after the move from vBulletin to XenForo. I will fix them. List of electoral systems by country Polity Dist List L/D Germany 299 299 1 New Zealand 72 120 1.67 Thailand 350 150 0.43 Lesotho 80 40 0.5 Bolivia 70 60 0.86 Scotland...

For position, the barycenter of the Solar System. For direction, quasars, because they are the farthest objects that can be observed without much difficulty. The one with the highest apparent visual luminosity, 3C 273, has visual magnitude +12.9. Others are not quite as bright in visible light...

Florida officials investigate voters who signed abortion ballot initiative | Florida | The Guardian - "Activists say investigation by agency set up by Ron DeSantis into whether fraud took place is voter intimidation"

Of solutions known to me, the only self-inverses are: range(1) = {1}, range(2) = {1,2}, and {2,3,4,6}