A typical
Jew in Jesus' time
had only one name, sometimes
followed by the phrase "son of [father's name]", or the individual's hometown.
[46] Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as "Jesus of
Nazareth".
[m][47][48] Jesus' neighbors in Nazareth refer to him as "the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and
Judas and Simon",
[49][50] "the carpenter's son",
[51][52] or "Joseph's son".
[53][54] In the Gospel of John, the disciple
Philip refers to him as "Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth".
[55][56]
The English name
Jesus is derived from the Latin
Iesus, itself a
transliteration of the Greek Ἰησοῦς (
Iēsoûs).
[57] The Greek form is probably a rendering of the
Hebrew and
Aramaic name ישוע (
Yēšūaʿ), a shorter variant of the earlier Hebrew name יהושע (
Yəhōšūaʿ, English: "Joshua").
[58] The name
Yəhōšūaʿ likely means "
Yah saves".
[59] This was also the name of
Moses's successor[60] and of a
Jewish high priest in the Hebrew Bible,
[61] both of whom are represented in the
Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible) as
Iēsoûs.
[62] The name
Yeshua appears to have been in use in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus.
[63] The 1st-century works of historian
Flavius Josephus, who wrote in
Koine Greek, the same language as that of the New Testament,
[64] refer to at least twenty different people with the name Jesus (i.e. Ἰησοῦς).
[65] The etymology of Jesus' name in the context of the New Testament is generally given as "
Yahweh is salvation".
[66]
Since the early period of
Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as "Jesus Christ".
[67] "Jesus Christ" is the name that the author of the
Gospel of John claims Jesus gave to himself during his
high priestly prayer.
[68] The word
Christ was a
title or office ("the Christ"), not a given name.
[69][70] It derives from the Greek
Χριστός (
Christos),
[57][71] a translation of the Hebrew
mashiakh (
משיח) meaning "
anointed", and is usually transliterated into English as "
messiah".
[72][73] In biblical Judaism,
sacred oil was used to anoint certain exceptionally holy people and objects as part of their religious investiture.
[74]
Christians of the time designated Jesus as "the Christ" because they believed him to be the messiah, whose arrival is
prophesied in the
Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. In postbiblical usage,
Christ became viewed as a name — one part of "Jesus Christ".
Etymons of the term
Christian (meaning a follower of Christ) have been in use since the 1st century.
[75]
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