To what extent do our political leanings affect our perception and treatment of people of the various races? In a take on the "trolley problem," some folks at Cornell tested whether the perceived race of person influenced whether a self-described liberal or self-described conservative felt that person was worthy of sacrifice for the greater good.
So what happened?
Are there any contemporary examples were this liberal vs. conservative difference might have played out?
http://journal.sjdm.org/9616/jdm9616.pdf
Participants received one of
two scenarios involving an individual who has to decide
whether or not to throw a large man in the path of a trolley
(described as large enough that he would stop the
progress of the trolley) in order to prevent the trolley from
killing 100 innocent individuals trapped in a bus.3 Half of
the participants received a version of the scenario where
the agent could choose to sacrifice an individual named
“Tyrone Payton” to save 100 members of the New York
Philharmonic, and the other half received a version where
the agent could choose to sacrifice “Chip Ellsworth III”
to save 100 members of the Harlem Jazz Orchestra. In
both scenarios the individual decides to throw the person
onto the trolley tracks. While we did not provide specific
information about the race of the individuals in the scenario,
we reasoned that Chip and Tyrone were stereotypically
associated with White American and Black American
individuals respectively, and that the New York Philharmonic
would be assumed to be majority White, and
the Harlem Jazz Orchestra would be assumed to be majority
Black.
So what happened?
Across Studies 1a and 1b we found that self-identified
political liberals and more conservative participants differed
in their endorsement of moral principles when race
was a contextual variable. In particular, political liberals
tended to be more likely to endorse a consequentialist justification
for sacrificing an innocent White man compared
to sacrificing an innocent Black man. There are a number
of possibilities as to why these effects were driven by the
responses of our liberal participants. For one, the race of
the victim may have simply been more salient to liberals
than more conservative participants. We conducted an
internal analysis to test this explanation. For those participants
who were given the manipulation check item,
we dummy coded their responses as 0 for “incorrect” responses
and as 1 for “correct” responses (i.e., those who
correctly or incorrectly reported Chip Ellsworth as Caucasian
or Tyrone Payton as African American, respectively).
Political orientation was not reliably associated
with correct or incorrect responses to the manipulation
check item, r = −.07, p = .50. Liberals were no more
likely than comparatively conservative participants to report
Chip Ellsworth as White or Tyrone Payton as Black,
suggesting that race of the victim was equally salient to
both conservative and liberal participants.
A more likely explanation is that antipathy toward antiBlack
prejudice played a greater role in liberals’ judgments.
A recent meta-analysis by Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski
and Sulloway (2003) indicated that one of the fundamental
differences between liberals and conservatives
lies in conservatives’ greater tolerance for social inequality.
Research on the moral foundations underlying liberal
and conservative ideologies also suggests that fairness
concerns are particularly acute for political liberals
(Haidt & Graham, 2007), and that race is likely a key
symbol evoking these concerns in contemporary America.
As such, it is possible that our scenarios describing
the sacrifice of a Black man simply held more motivational
power for liberals than for comparatively conservative
participants. Our Chip-Tyrone manipulation presented
liberals with choices likely to alert their sensitivities
to issues of racial inequality, and they responded
more negatively when asked to sacrifice a Black life
than a White life. Comparatively conservative participants,
even if not overtly prejudiced, may simply have
lacked these acute sensitivities regarding inequality, and
responded in a more evenhanded fashion as a result. Regardless
of the source of motivation, however, these results
suggest that moral principles generally held to apply
across situations can be selectively applied in order to fit
a desired moral judgment
Are there any contemporary examples were this liberal vs. conservative difference might have played out?
http://journal.sjdm.org/9616/jdm9616.pdf
