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51 of the Best Science Fiction Books and Novels of All Time

A good list, but I don't think 1984 should be there. Starship Troopers not making the cut is a surprise, but what's the point in having a list if you can't argue about it?
 
The Time Machine
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy
Dune
Ready Player One
The Martian
1984
Frankenstein
Brave New World
2001: A Space Odyssey
Parable of the Sower
A Time of Changes
Doomsday Book
Stories of Your Life and Others
Anathem
The Man Who Fell to Earth
Neuromancer
Ringworld
Oryx and Crake
The Three-Body Problem
Station Eleven
The Stand
Jurassic Park
20,000 Leagues under the Sea
Slaughterhouse-Five
I, Robot
A Fire Upon the Deep
The Man in the High Castle
The Complete Book of the New Sun
The Giver
A Wrinkle in Time
Flowers for Algernon
Fahrenheit 451
Stranger in a Strange Land
Red Rising
Ender’s Game
The Left Hand of Darkness
Foundation
Dhalgren
Uglies
Red Mars
Hyperion
Binti
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Children of Time
A Clockwork Orange
Cyteen
Ingathering: The Complete People Stories
How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe
The Forever War
Ancillary Justice
The City & The City

I would also give honourable mentions to A Boy and his Dog by Harlan Ellison and The Stars, my Destination by Alfred Bester because of the cultural impact both of these books have.
 
There are a few on the list I am not familiar with, though I have read probably 3/4 of the list. There is no way Ready Player One should be there, if they were looking to add books from the last decade to the list, Redshirts or Old Man's War by John Scalzi both rate higher (as well as a ton of other books). It is a complete travesty that A Canticle for Leibowitz is not included.
 
War Of The Worlds by H.G.Wells should be on that list. Amazing the concepts he came up with in the 1800s.
 
I've only read seventeen of them. Now I feel illiterate.

I've read fewer than that, seven. (SF is not really my bag)

War Of The Worlds by H.G.Wells should be on that list. Amazing the concepts he came up with in the 1800s.

But I did read this and I agree, it should be on the list.
 
WEBSITES TOP 51 SF BOOKS
(MAINLY NOVELS)--------------------------AUTHOR--------------YES-------REASON
-------------------------------------------------------------OR NO

The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy--------ADAMS, Douglas-------NO--------(M/CLASSIC)----**
I, Robot-----------------------------------ASIMOV, Isaac--------NO--------CLASSIC--------**
Foundation--------------------------------ASIMOV, Isaac--------YES-------CLASSIC--------**
Oryx and Crake----------------------------ATWOOD, M-----------NO--------NC-------------**----U
Fahrenheit 451----------------------------BRADBURY, Ray---------N/Y (L3)--CLASSIC
Red Rising---------------------------------BROWN, Pierce---------NO--------NC-------------**
A Clockwork Orange------------------------BURGESS, A------------N/Y (L4)---CLASSIC
Parable of the Sower-----------------------BUTLER, Octavia-------NO--------NC-------------**----U
Ender’s Game------------------------------CARD, Orson Scott-----YES-------CLASSIC-------**
Cyteen------------------------------------CHERRYH, C.J.---------NO--------NC--------------------U
Stories of Your Life and Others
(reissued as Arrival)------------------------CHIANG, Ted----------NO--------NOT A NOVEL
The Three-Body Problem-------------------CIXIN, Liu--------------NO-------NC--------------**
2001: A Space Odyssey--------------------CLARKE, Arthur C.------N/Y (L2)—CLASSIC--------**
Ready Player One--------------------------CLINE, Ernest----------NO-------NC---------------------U
Jurassic Park------------------------------CRICHTON, M----------NO--------NR--------------**
Dhalgren----------------------------------DELANY, S R.----------N/Y (L4)---NR(CLASSIC)
The Man in the High Castle-----------------DICK, P.K.-------------YES-------CLASSIC
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?-------DICK, P.K.-------------N/Y (L2)---CLASSIC
Neuromancer------------------------------GIBSON, William--------YES--------M/CLASSIC-----**
The Forever War---------------------------HALDEMAN, Joe--------YES-------CLASSIC--------**
Stranger in a Strange Land-----------------HEINLEIN, Robert-------N/Y (L4)---CLASSIC
Ingathering: The Complete People Stories---HENDERSON, Z---------NO--------NR(CLASSIC)---(**)
Dune--------------------------------------HERBERT, Frank--------YES-------CLASSIC--------**
Brave New World---------------------------HUXLEY, Aldous--------YES-------CLASSIC
Flowers for Algernon------------------------KEYES, Daniel---------YES-------CLASSIC
The Stand---------------------------------KING, Stephen---------NO--------NOT SF----------------U
A Wrinkle in Time---------------------------L’ENGLE, M------------NO--------NC--------------**----U
Ancillary Justice----------------------------LECKIE, Ann-----------NO--------NR(M/CLASSIC)--**
The Left Hand of Darkness------------------LeGUIN, L.K.-----------N/Y (L4)--CLASSIC
The Giver----------------------------------LOWRY, Lois-----------NO--------NC---------------------U
Station Eleven-----------------------------MANDEL, E. St. J.-------NO-------NC^^------------------U
The City & The City------------------------MIEVILLE, China--------N/Y (L2)---M/CLASSIC
Ringworld----------------------------------NIVEN, Larry-----------YES-------CLASSIC---------**
Binti---------------------------------------OKORAFOR, N----------NO--------NC--------------**----U
1984--------------------------------------ORWELL, George--------YES------CLASSIC
Red Mars----------------------------------ROBINSON, K S---------NO--------NC(M/CLASSIC)--**----U
Frankenstein-------------------------------SHELLEY, Mary---------YES-------CLASSIC
A Time of Changes-------------------------SILVERBERG, R----------NO--------NC
Hyperion-----------------------------------SIMMONS, Dan---------NO--------NC (M/CLASSIC)-**
Anathem-----------------------------------STEPHENSON, N--------NO--------NC-%%---------------U
Children of Time----------------------------TCHAIKOSKY, A---------NO-------NC--------------**----U
The Man Who Fell to Earth------------------TEVIS, Walter----------NO--------NC--------------------U
20,000 Leagues under the Sea--------------VERNE, Jules------------NO-------NR(CLASSIC)
A Fire Upon the Deep-----------------------VINGE, Vernor----------NO-------(M/CLASSIC)-----**
Slaughterhouse-Five------------------------VONNEGUT, Kurt--------N/Y (L2)--CLASSIC
The Martian--------------------------------WEIR, Andy------------YES-------M/CLASSIC------**
The Time Machine--------------------------WELLS. H.G.-----------YES--------CLASSIC
Uglies--------------------------------------WESTERFELD, S--------NO--------NC--------------**---U
Doomsday Book-----------------------------WILLIS, Connie---------NO--------NC-------------**
The Complete Book of the New Sun----------WOLFE, Gene----------NO---------NC(M/CLASSIC)-**
How to Live Safely in a
Science Fictional Universe-------------------YU, Charles------------NO---------NR

KEY
CLASSIC classic SF novel
M/CLASSIC modern classic SF novel
N/Y NO/YES not on my primary list but on a lower graded list
NR not rated – good book but considered to be lesser than chosen novels
NC not considered either because haven’t read and/or do not consider good enough and/or because part of a series
NOT A NOVEL self-explanatory – is a collection
NOT SF The Stand is a horror/fantasy novel, not SF (of course, a novel can be both)
^^ its author says it is not SF
** part of a series
U unread by me
%% ranked as Neal Stephenson’s fourth best novel by goodreads

THIRTEEN OF THESE NOVELS MADE IT ONTO MY OWN TOP FIFTY PICK.

COMMENTS
Some of these books I haven’t read and others I haven’t read and haven’t heard of (and similarly sometimes with the author).

If exclude the bizarre inclusion of a collection, then this is a list of fifty novels.
This is a fairly good list, better than others that I have seen, with many good novels on it.
However, it includes many that have to be there because of being list creator’s personal favourites, not due to being objectively the most important and best.
In middle of last year I created a similar list that I posted in a thread on SFFW (Science Fiction and Fantasy website), which also had several novels included mainly because they were favourites of mine. In response to above list I have created a new list of my top most important SF novels that is more objective, dropping those that are simply personal favourites.

This list is below.

FIRST FIFTY NOVELS SELECTED

ANDERSON, Poul------------Tau Zero
ANTHONY, Piers------------Macroscope
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------The Gods Themselves
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------Foundation-----(**)
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Demolished Man
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Stars My Destination (aka Tiger! Tiger!)
BRUNNER, John-------------Stand on Zanzibar
CARD, Orson Scott---------Ender’s Game----(**)
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------Childhood’s End
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------The City and the Stars
DICK, Philip K.--------------The Man in the High Castle
FARMER, Philip Jose---------The Unreasoning Mask
GERROLD, David------------The Man Who Folded Himself
GIBSON, William-------------Neuromancer----(**)
GUNN, James E.------------The Listeners
HALDEMAN, Joe------------The Forever War----(**)
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Starship Troopers
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Tunnel in the Sky
HERBERT, Frank------------Dune----(**)
HOYLE, Fred---------------The Black Cloud
HUXLEY, Aldous------------Brave New World
KEYES, Daniel--------------Flowers for Algernon
LEGUIN, Ursula K.----------The Dispossessed
LINDSAY, David------------A Voyage to Arcturus
MILLER, Walter M.----------A Canticle for Leibowitz
NIVEN, Larry---------------Ringworld----(**)
ORWELL, George-----------1984
PANSHIN, Alexei------------Rite of Passage
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------House of Suns
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------Pushing Ice
ROBERTS, Adam-----------Stone
SHELLEY, Mary W.---------Frankenstein
SILVERBERG, Robert--------Dying Inside
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Sirius
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Star Maker
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Last and First Men (with Last Men in London)
STEAKLEY, John-----------Armor
VANCE, Jack--------------To Live Forever
VAN VOGT, A.E.----------The Voyage of the Space Beagle
WEIR, Andy---------------The Martian----(**)
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Island of Doctor Moreau
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Time Machine
WELLS, H.G.--------------The War of the Worlds
WILHELM, Kate-----------The Killer Thing (aka The Killing Thing)
WYNDHAM, John----------The Day of the Triffids
WYNDHAM, John----------The Kraken Wakes
WYNDHAM, John----------The Midwich Cuckoos
ZAMYATIN, Yvgeny-------We
ZELAZNY, Roger-----------Lord of Light

(**) ENTRIES-----THESE ALL ARE FIRST NOVELS OF A DUOLOGY, TRILOGY OR SERIES

ASIMOV, Isaac-----------Foundation
CARD, Orson Scott-------Ender’s Game
GIBSON, William----------Neuromancer
HALDEMAN, Joe----------The Forever War
HERBERT, Frank----------Dune
MILLER, Walter M.--------A Canticle for Leibowitz (sequel is Saint Leibowitz and the Wild Horse Woman (with Terry Bisson)
NIVEN, Larry-------------Ringworld
WEIR, Andy--------------The Martian (its sequel is Artemis)

NOTE THAT COULD HAVE EASILY ADDED THE FOLLOWING FIRST NOVELS OF SERIES TO ABOVE LIST IF THERE WASN’T ALREADY TOO MANY QUALIFYING STANDALONE NOVELS:

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, A Case of Conscience, Downbelow Station,
2001: a Space Odyssey, Rendezvous with Rama, Mission of Gravity,
To Your Scattered Bodies Go, Deathworld, The Stainless Steel Rat, Colossus,
Out of the Silent Planet, Altered Carbon, Dream Park, The Mote in God’s Eye,
The Legacy of Heorot, Logan’s Run, Gateway, Berserker, Hyperion, The Star King,
A Fire Upon the Deep, Hell’s Gate.

SIMILARLY WITH THESE FIRST NOVELS OF DUOLOGIES:

Fantastic Voyage, Needle, Pandora’s Star, A for Andromeda, The Second Experiment, Hiero’s Journey, The Big Time, Ilium, The Weapon Shops of Isher, The Risen Empire.

THE EIGHT ACTUALLY INCLUDED ARE PARTICULARLY FAMOUS AND IMPORTANT.
 
If Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy remotely sci-fi? It is a great novel and I have no idea what classification to give it, but sci-fi seems wrong.
War Of The Worlds by H.G.Wells should be on that list. Amazing the concepts he came up with in the 1800s.
Yeah, the heat ray was definitely a concept. I'd say The Time Machine would speak the most to Wells' intelligence and message regarding man and labor.

Edgar Allan Poe never wrote a sci-fi novel, but he kind of invented the genre, or was at least one of its founding fathers. It sucks this man was cursed both in luck and mind, because he contributed so much.
 
ANDERSON, Poul------------Tau Zero
ANTHONY, Piers------------Macroscope
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------The Gods Themselves
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------Foundation-----(**)
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Demolished Man
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Stars My Destination (aka Tiger! Tiger!)
BRUNNER, John-------------Stand on Zanzibar
CARD, Orson Scott---------Ender’s Game----(**)
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------Childhood’s End
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------The City and the Stars
DICK, Philip K.--------------The Man in the High Castle
FARMER, Philip Jose---------The Unreasoning Mask
GERROLD, David------------The Man Who Folded Himself
GIBSON, William-------------Neuromancer----(**)
GUNN, James E.------------The Listeners
HALDEMAN, Joe------------The Forever War----(**)
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Starship Troopers
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Tunnel in the Sky
HERBERT, Frank------------Dune----(**)
HOYLE, Fred---------------The Black Cloud
HUXLEY, Aldous------------Brave New World
KEYES, Daniel--------------Flowers for Algernon
LEGUIN, Ursula K.----------The Dispossessed
LINDSAY, David------------A Voyage to Arcturus
MILLER, Walter M.----------A Canticle for Leibowitz
NIVEN, Larry---------------Ringworld----(**)
ORWELL, George-----------1984
PANSHIN, Alexei------------Rite of Passage
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------House of Suns
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------Pushing Ice
ROBERTS, Adam-----------Stone
SHELLEY, Mary W.---------Frankenstein
SILVERBERG, Robert--------Dying Inside
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Sirius
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Star Maker
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Last and First Men (with Last Men in London)
STEAKLEY, John-----------Armor
VANCE, Jack--------------To Live Forever
VAN VOGT, A.E.----------The Voyage of the Space Beagle
WEIR, Andy---------------The Martian----(**)
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Island of Doctor Moreau
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Time Machine
WELLS, H.G.--------------The War of the Worlds
WILHELM, Kate-----------The Killer Thing (aka The Killing Thing)
WYNDHAM, John----------The Day of the Triffids
WYNDHAM, John----------The Kraken Wakes
WYNDHAM, John----------The Midwich Cuckoos
ZAMYATIN, Yvgeny-------We
ZELAZNY, Roger-----------Lord of Light

A better list than the one from the OP, for sure. SciFi is so vast, though, that I would cut out multiples from the same author, and slot in some more modern works. Might be a good exercise for me to come up with my own list when I have a free Saturday afternoon to sit around and agonize over what not to include.
 
If Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy remotely sci-fi? It is a great novel and I have no idea what classification to give it, but sci-fi seems wrong.

Of course it is. It has spaceships and aliens and everything else you could want from SciFi. It is also a scathing and hilarious social commentary, but SciFi has often been good at the social commentary part, so that should not disqualify it from being SciFi.

Edgar Allan Poe never wrote a sci-fi novel, but he kind of invented the genre, or was at least one of its founding fathers. It sucks this man was cursed both in luck and mind, because he contributed so much.

Horror and SciFi cross over so well, that both genres influence each other quite often. I would say Mary Shelly should get credit for inventing the SciFi genre, as Frankenstein was the first SciFi novel written, but there is no doubt that Poe influenced the genre very early on.
 
ANDERSON, Poul------------Tau Zero
ANTHONY, Piers------------Macroscope
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------The Gods Themselves
ASIMOV, Isaac-------------Foundation-----(**)
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Demolished Man
BESTER, Alfred-------------The Stars My Destination (aka Tiger! Tiger!)
BRUNNER, John-------------Stand on Zanzibar
CARD, Orson Scott---------Ender’s Game----(**)
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------Childhood’s End
CLARKE, Arthur C.----------The City and the Stars
DICK, Philip K.--------------The Man in the High Castle
FARMER, Philip Jose---------The Unreasoning Mask
GERROLD, David------------The Man Who Folded Himself
GIBSON, William-------------Neuromancer----(**)
GUNN, James E.------------The Listeners
HALDEMAN, Joe------------The Forever War----(**)
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Starship Troopers
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.-------Tunnel in the Sky
HERBERT, Frank------------Dune----(**)
HOYLE, Fred---------------The Black Cloud
HUXLEY, Aldous------------Brave New World
KEYES, Daniel--------------Flowers for Algernon
LEGUIN, Ursula K.----------The Dispossessed
LINDSAY, David------------A Voyage to Arcturus
MILLER, Walter M.----------A Canticle for Leibowitz
NIVEN, Larry---------------Ringworld----(**)
ORWELL, George-----------1984
PANSHIN, Alexei------------Rite of Passage
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------House of Suns
REYNOLDS, Alastair--------Pushing Ice
ROBERTS, Adam-----------Stone
SHELLEY, Mary W.---------Frankenstein
SILVERBERG, Robert--------Dying Inside
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Sirius
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Star Maker
STAPLEDON, Olaf----------Last and First Men (with Last Men in London)
STEAKLEY, John-----------Armor
VANCE, Jack--------------To Live Forever
VAN VOGT, A.E.----------The Voyage of the Space Beagle
WEIR, Andy---------------The Martian----(**)
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Island of Doctor Moreau
WELLS, H.G.--------------The Time Machine
WELLS, H.G.--------------The War of the Worlds
WILHELM, Kate-----------The Killer Thing (aka The Killing Thing)
WYNDHAM, John----------The Day of the Triffids
WYNDHAM, John----------The Kraken Wakes
WYNDHAM, John----------The Midwich Cuckoos
ZAMYATIN, Yvgeny-------We
ZELAZNY, Roger-----------Lord of Light

A better list than the one from the OP, for sure. SciFi is so vast, though, that I would cut out multiples from the same author, and slot in some more modern works. Might be a good exercise for me to come up with my own list when I have a free Saturday afternoon to sit around and agonize over what not to include.
An interesting idea to have a limit of one novel per author. There are twelve entries that can be removed if I did this, being:

ASIMOV, Isaac--------------The Gods Themselves
BESTER, Alfred--------------The Stars My Destination (aka Tiger! Tiger!)
CLARKE, Arthur C.-----------Childhood’s End
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.--------Starship Troopers
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A.--------Tunnel in the Sky
REYNOLDS, Alastair----------Pushing Ice
STAPLEDON, Olaf------------Sirius
STAPLEDON, Olaf------------Last and First Men (with Last Men in London)
WELLS, H.G.----------------The Time Machine
WELLS, H.G.----------------The War of the Worlds
WYNDHAM, John------------The Kraken Wakes
WYNDHAM, John------------The Midwich Cuckoos

Which I would provisionally replace with:

CAPEK, Karel---------------------R.U.R.
COMPTON, D.G.------------------Farewell, Earth's Bliss
CONQUEST, Robert---------------A World of Difference
GORDON, Rex--------------------No Man Friday (US – First on Mars)
LEM, Stanislaw------------------Solaris
ROBERTS, Keith------------------Pavane
ROBINSON, Kim Stanley----------The Years of Rice and Salt
RYAN, Thomas Joseph-----------The Adolescence of P-1
SHAW, Bob----------------------Ship of Strangers
SHECKLEY, Robert---------------The Tenth Victim (**)
SIMAK, Clifford D.----------------City
STRUGATSKY, Arkady and Boris---Hard to Be a God

I have only read a small number of novels by very new authors, one reason being that they tend to write series instead of standalone novels.
They would have had to done something special to be able to replace existing candidate novels.
I encourage you to do your own list as I would be interested to see what you come up with.
 
If Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy remotely sci-fi? It is a great novel and I have no idea what classification to give it, but sci-fi seems wrong.

Of course it is. It has spaceships and aliens and everything else you could want from SciFi. It is also a scathing and hilarious social commentary, but SciFi has often been good at the social commentary part, so that should not disqualify it from being SciFi.

Yeah, I can't find a definition of "sci-fi" where Hitchhiker's doesn't check all the boxes, unless you assume sci-fi has to be pessimistic or "scary". It is comedic rather than horror/scary, but that's why it should be on any top 50 list, b/c it doesn't go for the tired trope that science will make everything worse.
 
As good as 2001 (and Childhood's End) are, I would rate Rendezvous With Rama higher if you're going to have a Clarke book on the list.

I also agree with Spacetime that Macroscope by Piers Anthony would be a good inclusion, it's an amazing sci-fi book.
 
As good as 2001 (and Childhood's End) are, I would rate Rendezvous With Rama higher if you're going to have a Clarke book on the list.

The later books in the Rama series (mostly the last one) kind of ruined it for me, and I read Childhood's End early and often, so I think it is more of a standout for me in Clarke's bibliography, and it will probably be the one I choose when I get around to compiling my list.

I also agree with Spacetime that Macroscope by Piers Anthony would be a good inclusion, it's an amazing sci-fi book.

I have not read Macroscope. I am relatively sure that the only books by Piers Anthony that I have read are the Magic of Xanth series, and the Blue Adept series, and I am not sure either one would qualify for my top 50 list.
 
It took me some time, but I have finally completed my list of 51 Best Science Fiction books. I decided to go with my own previously stated limitation of only including one book per author, which may have been a bit short sighted. So, my list will be quite different from many others. The first 35 or so I put on the list came very easy, after that, it became a bit of a chore. I had to peruse my library for some forgotten titles, and many of the books listed here made the cut because one glance at the thoroughly worn out spine told me I had enjoyed the book through several reads. I have also included the year each novel was published, as I wanted to see which era was most prominent for me. There is not much before the 1950's, but after that, I think it is pretty even.

ADAMS, Douglas ----- The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (1979)
ANDERSON, Kevin J. ----- Blindfold (1995)
ANTHONY, Piers ----- On a Pale Horse (1983)
ASIMOV, Isaac ----- Foundation (1951)
BEAR, Greg ----- Blood Music (1985)
BOHEM, Les ----- Junk (2019)
BRADBURY, Ray ----- The Martian Chronicles (1951)
CARD, Orson Scott ----- Ender's Game (1985)
CHERRYH, C.J. ----- Cyteen (1988)
CLARKE, Arthur C. ----- Childhood’s End (1953)
DICK, Philip, K. ----- A Scanner Darkly (1977)
DOCTOROW, Cory ----- Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (2003)
DRAKE, David ----- Hammer's Slammers (1979)
FORBES, M.R. ----- Starship Eternal (2015)
FORWARD, Robert L. ----- Dragon's Egg (1980)
HEMRY, John G. aka CAMPBELL, Jack ----- Dauntless (2006)
GIBSON, William ----- Neuromancer (1984)
HALDEMAN, Joe ----- The Forever War (1974)
HARRISON, Harry ----- The Stainless Steel Rat (1961)
HEINLEIN, ROBERT A. ----- Stranger in a Strange Land (1961)
HERBERT, Frank ----- Dune (1965)
JEMISIN, N.K. ---- The Fifth Season (2015)
KLOOS, Marko ----- Tems of Enlistment (2013)
L’ENGLE, Madeleine --- A Wrinkle in Time (1962)
LECKIE, Ann ----- Ancillary Justice (2013)
LEGUIN, Ursula K. ----- The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
McDEVITT, Jack ----- The Engines of God (1994)
McINTYRE, Vonda N. ----- Superluminal (1983)
McMASTER BUJOLD, Lois ----- Falling Free (1988)
MILLER, Walter M. ----- A Canticle for Leibowitz (1959)
MORGAN, Richard K. ----- Altered Carbon (2002)
NIVEN, Larry & POURNELLE, Jerry ----- The Mote in God's Eye (1974)
NORTON, Andre ----- Star Man's Son (1952)
ORWELL, George ----- 1984 (1949)
POHL, Frederik ----- The Voices of Heaven (1994)
ROBINSON, K.S. ----- Red Mars (1993)
SCALZI, John ----- Old Man's War (2005)
SMITH, E.E. "Doc" ----- Triplanetary (1948)
SIMMONS, Dan ----- Hyperion (1989)
STEPHENSON, Neal ----- Snow Crash (1992)
STIRLING, S.M. ----- Island in the Sea of Time (1998)
STROSS, Charles ----- Saturn's Children (2008)
TAYLOR, Dennis, E. ----- We Are Legion (We Are Bob) (2016)
TCHAIKOVSKY, Adrian ----- Children of Time (2015)
VARLEY, John ----- Titan (1979)
VINGE, Vernor ----- A Fire Upon the Deep (1992)
VONNEGUT, Kurt ----- Cat's Cradle (1963)
WEBER, David ----- On Basilisk Station (1993)
WELLS, H.G. ----- The Time Machine (1895)
WYNDHAM, John ----- The Chrysalids (1977)
ZELAZNY, Roger ----- Jack of Shadows (1971)

So, the oldest novel on the list is The Time Machine, from 1895. The newest is Junk, from 2019, although this is a book that I have only listened to on Audible, and I am not even sure if there is a print version available. There were a few novellas and graphic novels that I wanted to include, but I resisted, and kept the list to full length, non-graphic novels.
 
A few observations from my list above, since I had to post and run yesterday:

I mentioned previously that I thought I had not read anything by Piers Anthony other than the Magic of Xanth series, and the Apprentice Adept series, but upon perusing my library I found the Incarnations of Immortality series as well, and remembered how much I had enjoyed the first novel in that series, On a Pale Horse. It may barely qualify as Sci Fi, but I think it is closer than The Magic of Xanth, at least taking the first book in the series at face value. Which brings me to another point, I mostly favored the first book in a series, when there was a series involved. The one exception is Falling Free, which comes vary late in Lois McMaster Bujold's Vorkosigan Saga as far as publication, but as far as the internal series chronology, it is the earliest story. It is also the best novel in the series by far IMO, even though at least two of the other novels actually won Hugos (Falling Free was only nominated).

Philip K. Dick's A Scanner Darkly appears on the list because it is the only full length novel I have read by him, despite having read dozens of his short stories. There were a few authors that did not get included because I have only read short stories by them, Robert Silverberg is a standout among those authors.

There are more novels from the 21st century than I anticipated, and I think a lot of that owes to my deciding to only select one book per author, as many of those books were added toward the end of the compilation. Most of those are also military science fiction, which is a bit of a guilty pleasure of mine. David Drake's Hammer's Slammers was the book that got me hooked on that particular sub-genre, so I slotted it in as one of the last books to make the list.

Cory Doctorow's Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom made the list partially because it was his first book that he released it both as a print copy and a free Creative Commons e-book at the same time. There is another novel of his that I liked better, but I only had it in the free electronic format, and I can't remember the title. I also had trouble finding a complete bibliography of his Creative Commons novels, and the lists that I did find did not seem to include it. I have a physical copy of Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, so I added that one instead.

I believe that Andre Norton was the first Science Fiction author that I read, and I read her books voraciously as a kid. The Star Ka'at series was probably where I started, but those books are written for a very young audience, and even though they hold a special place in my heart, I did not think they fit the list. But Norton is a Grand Master, and Star Man's Son was the first book of hers I read intended for an adult reader, even though I was still young when I read it. I have more than one copy in my library (one later edition with the title changed to Daybreak 2250 AD), and the oldest copy is so worn out that it would probably fall apart if I tried to open it again.
 
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