But in Price, the court would not have to re-write any previous precedent. It's disparate treatment for the reasons I've carefully explained (and Bomb#20 also explained it, in the actual case). I constructed the example to make it absolutely clear that it is disparate treatment.
Of course, it would not be disparate treatment if it is a code for both sexes, in which case it is not based on sex at all, because people of both sexes are told to dress in the same way!
But if it is a code that establishes
different clothes for different sexes, obviously it is disparate treatment.
James Madison said:
Disparate treatment refers to different treatment, discriminatory treatment. Under Title VII, the disparate treatment is because of sex in which one sex is treated differently from the other sex, and the discriminatory treatment is because of sex. Sensible, since the plain text of Title VII prohibits “discrimination...because of...individual’s sex.”
But of course, if a person is told to wear uniform F or else be fired, and she's told so because she's female, but a male would not be told to wear uniform F or else be fired, then surely one sex is treated differently from the other sex.
James Madison said:
So, a dress code for both sexes isn’t, without more, discriminatory conduct against one sex in which the discriminatory conduct is “because of...sex.” Both sexes are treated the SAME, “burdened,” as the courts say, the SAME, and being treated and burdened the the SAME, is inapposite to discrimination. Hence, a reasonable dress code for BOTH sexes is to treat both the SAME. “BURDEN” both sexes the same in relation to the sexes, as both sexes are required to adhere to the dress code, doesn’t violate Title VII. Just as the many federal appellate courts have ruled, and their reasoning is compelling and persuasive.
Actually, it is not the case that people of both sexes are required to adhere to "the" dress code. Rather, females are required to adhere to the dress code for females (something males are not burdened with), and males are required to adhere to the dress code for males (something females are not burdened with). So, the burden is not the same, if one is talking about the
content of the burden (i.e., what they are actually required to do).
Now, if one is talking about the
extent or
weight of the burden, that depends on the individual, but that is always the case. A female who wants to present as male will be heavily burdened; to a lesser extent, a female who just does not like that sort of dress code will be burdened. On the other hand, a female who really likes the dress code for females will not be burdened at all, except in knowing that she has an obligation - which she might not care, in which case not even that.
James Madison said:
Second, as I said previously and federal appellate courts affirm, a dress code for both sexes to follow to create a formal, professional environment, doesn’t, by itself, violate Title VII.
I already explained why it does.
James Madison said:
Not under your example. As I recall your hypo, both sexes had a dress code. Hence, this is not an instance of one sex with a dress code requirement but not the other, which would be disparate treatment between the sexes and discriminatory conduct between the sexes because of sex.
Of course it is, because the dress code is
different for each sex.
James Madison said:
No, for reasons previously noted. Both are treated the same as both are required to wear something specific. It’s not an instance of men allowed to wear whatever and women must wear X.
Again, that does not change the fact that they're required to wear
different things. Again, here is an analogy. Suppose a bar bans interracial couples. Is that disparate treatment on the basis of race? (let's say it happens in 1920, before any laws against that, or for that matter, in 1820).
Well, sure, it is disparate treatment on the basis of race because a Black person is not allowed to go there with a White person, but a White person is allowed to go with a White person, and it's also disparate treatment on the basis of race because a White person is not allowed to go there with a Black person, but a Black person is allowed to go with a White person (well, actually "Black" and "White" are not races, but I know of no word that I can use to name the races without high risk of derail, depending on who's reading).