lpetrich
Contributor
Another example of the "thing" part surviving of "nothing": French rien "nothing", from Latin rem, accusative of rês "thing". Romance nouns and adjectives are usually derived from the Latin accusative forms and not the nominative ones, despite the nominative case being the usual case for reference forms.
Looking at Slavic aspects, most perfectives are formed with preposition prefixes, but there is one perfective suffix that I've found: -nu-. Imperfectives are all suffixes, like -ova-/-ava-.
Proto-Indo-European had numerous derivational affixes, and not just prepositions as verb prefixes. The Slavic languages are far from alone alone in having prefixed verbs of motion -- Latin and Greek have plenty of such verbs, and some of this prefixing ended up as borrowed words in English, like "exit" from ex "out of, from" + îre "to go". English has enough of Latinate words with ex- for its speakers to use that prefix more generally, like ex-(something) being a former something, like ex-wife.
English adjective-from-noun derivational suffix -ish has Germanic cognates -isk, -isch, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, in turn from PIE *-iskos
It appears as Greek -iskos - a diminutive suffix - and in Balto-Slavic as Lithuanian -ishkas and Slavic -ski/-sky, a common suffix for forming adjectives from nouns. Like Sovetsky Soyuz "Soviet Union".
Another one is -en, "made of", from PGmc *-înaz and cognate with Latin -înus, Greek -inos, and Slavic -in,-ny, from PIE *-iHnos
Another one is -y, with Germanic cognates -ig, -ich, from PGmc *-gaz, with cognates Latin -cus, -icus, Greek -kos, -ikos, Sanskrit -ka, from PIE *-kos
From Latin -ius and Greek -ios we find PIE *-yós with various other descendants.
Suffixes like English -ness and Latin -tâs had a rather complicated history, with such ancestors as PIE *-tus action noun and -*-
*-teh2 state of being, from *-tós a verbal-adjective suffix
English suffix -ize is from Latin -iz-, and in turn from Greek -iz-.
Suffix -ist is from Latin -ista, in turn from Greek -istês in turn from -iz-tês, an agent-noun suffix, likely from PIE *-teh2.
Suffix -ism is from Latin -ismus, in turn from Greek -ismos in turn from -iz-mos, from an action or result noun suffix, form PIE *-mos.
I think I'll leave off.
It's remarkable how much detail one can find out about long-lost languages like Proto-Indo-European, even if most of what one finds is not very culturally informative.
Looking at Slavic aspects, most perfectives are formed with preposition prefixes, but there is one perfective suffix that I've found: -nu-. Imperfectives are all suffixes, like -ova-/-ava-.
Proto-Indo-European had numerous derivational affixes, and not just prepositions as verb prefixes. The Slavic languages are far from alone alone in having prefixed verbs of motion -- Latin and Greek have plenty of such verbs, and some of this prefixing ended up as borrowed words in English, like "exit" from ex "out of, from" + îre "to go". English has enough of Latinate words with ex- for its speakers to use that prefix more generally, like ex-(something) being a former something, like ex-wife.
English adjective-from-noun derivational suffix -ish has Germanic cognates -isk, -isch, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, in turn from PIE *-iskos
It appears as Greek -iskos - a diminutive suffix - and in Balto-Slavic as Lithuanian -ishkas and Slavic -ski/-sky, a common suffix for forming adjectives from nouns. Like Sovetsky Soyuz "Soviet Union".
Another one is -en, "made of", from PGmc *-înaz and cognate with Latin -înus, Greek -inos, and Slavic -in,-ny, from PIE *-iHnos
Another one is -y, with Germanic cognates -ig, -ich, from PGmc *-gaz, with cognates Latin -cus, -icus, Greek -kos, -ikos, Sanskrit -ka, from PIE *-kos
From Latin -ius and Greek -ios we find PIE *-yós with various other descendants.
Suffixes like English -ness and Latin -tâs had a rather complicated history, with such ancestors as PIE *-tus action noun and -*-
*-teh2 state of being, from *-tós a verbal-adjective suffix
English suffix -ize is from Latin -iz-, and in turn from Greek -iz-.
Suffix -ist is from Latin -ista, in turn from Greek -istês in turn from -iz-tês, an agent-noun suffix, likely from PIE *-teh2.
Suffix -ism is from Latin -ismus, in turn from Greek -ismos in turn from -iz-mos, from an action or result noun suffix, form PIE *-mos.
I think I'll leave off.
It's remarkable how much detail one can find out about long-lost languages like Proto-Indo-European, even if most of what one finds is not very culturally informative.