1) the current US electoral system is the result of the civil war. Maybe don't fuck with until after the next civil war. Obviously things have changed since then. What was sensible and fair then, isn't now. But how are you going to change it now, without starting that civil war we're trying to avoid?
I'm baffled at what might be the source of this elementary mistake.
It's easy to correct with a little research.
The elected parts of the US Federal Government are the two houses of Congress, the Presidency, and the Vice Presidency.
The House of Representatives has state delegations in proportion to the states' populations, and it has done so from its beginning:
United States congressional apportionment In the early days, some states used
General ticket - voting for all the delegates at once - but since the early 19th cy. nearly every state has used single-member districts. House members are elected for two-year terms on even years.
The Senate is has two members for each state, and they are elected in staggered fashion, one per election year. Senators are elected for six-year terms in staggered fashion: Class I is elected in years 6n+2, Class II in years 6n+4, and Class III in years 6n (6n+6). Each state has a Senator from two of these classes, and when states are admitted, their Senators' classes are assigned to try to keep the Classes' member numbers as close as possible. I once did a thread on that in Mathematics:
US Senate Allocation | Internet Infidels Discussion Board
Senators were originally elected by state legislatures, but that was changed to popular vote in 1913:
Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The President and Vice President are elected by the
United States Electoral College but how that body is chosen has changed over time. Its members were originally elected by state legislatures, but with the rise of political parties, its members became chosen by parties, making it a rubber-stamp body. By the early 19th cy., which party gets the electors in each state was from which party got a majority of votes. So the EC system became what it has been ever since: a sort of aggregated and weighted popular vote.
The original system was for the electors to vote for President, with whoever gets the second most votes becoming the Vice President. This was changed to the current system in 1804 with the
Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution That is voting for the President and Vice President separately.