lpetrich
Contributor
Tycho Brahe (1543-1601) was an astronomer who made very high-precision pre-telescopic observations. His observations were good enough to show that comets don't have measurable parallax across the Earth's surface, making them farther than the Moon. He also observed a "new star" (nova, what we'd now call a supernova), and he found no measurable parallax for it also. So it was also farther than the Moon.
About geocentrism vs. heliocentrism, he proposed a compromise system where the Sun moved around the Earth and the other planets move around the Sun. He attempted to measure the parallax of the stars over each year, but he could not observe any. That parallax does exist, but it was too small for him to measure, and it was first measured in 1830.
Here is a history of theories from geocentrism to heliocentrism. What moves around the Sun?
[TABLE="class: grid"]
[TR]
[TD]Who
[/TD]
[TD]Me
[/TD]
[TD]Ve
[/TD]
[TD]Ea
[/TD]
[TD]Ma
[/TD]
[TD]Ju
[/TD]
[TD]Sa
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ptolemy
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Capella
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Riccioli
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Tycho
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Copernicus
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
Capella was Martianus Capella, who worked around 410 - 420 CE. Ptolemy was Claudius Ptolemaeus (~100 - ~170 CE). Riccioli was Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598-1671). Ptolemy's theory was the almost universal premodern one, and Copernicus's was anticipated by Aristarchus of Samos (~310 BCE - ~230 BCE).
About geocentrism vs. heliocentrism, he proposed a compromise system where the Sun moved around the Earth and the other planets move around the Sun. He attempted to measure the parallax of the stars over each year, but he could not observe any. That parallax does exist, but it was too small for him to measure, and it was first measured in 1830.
Here is a history of theories from geocentrism to heliocentrism. What moves around the Sun?
[TABLE="class: grid"]
[TR]
[TD]Who
[/TD]
[TD]Me
[/TD]
[TD]Ve
[/TD]
[TD]Ea
[/TD]
[TD]Ma
[/TD]
[TD]Ju
[/TD]
[TD]Sa
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ptolemy
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Capella
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Riccioli
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Tycho
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Copernicus
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[TD]X
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
Capella was Martianus Capella, who worked around 410 - 420 CE. Ptolemy was Claudius Ptolemaeus (~100 - ~170 CE). Riccioli was Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598-1671). Ptolemy's theory was the almost universal premodern one, and Copernicus's was anticipated by Aristarchus of Samos (~310 BCE - ~230 BCE).