Speakpigeon
Contributor
- Joined
- Feb 4, 2009
- Messages
- 6,317
- Location
- Paris, France, EU
- Basic Beliefs
- Rationality (i.e. facts + logic), Scepticism (not just about God but also everything beyond my subjective experience)
And so back to Germany between WW1 and WW2. Even excluding Einstein (he didn't have a job in Germany in 1905), Germany was at the forefront of physics and had a plethora of first rate scientists (many of them Jewish of course), including Quantum Physics luminaries Max Planck, Max Born, Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg, and had a large number of scientific institutions. When Germany was defeated in 1945, the U.S.S.R., the U.S. and the U.K. all grabbed the still large number of German scientists still alive, who went on to contribute to space exploration, cryptology, nuclear energy, superconductivity etc. They also had mathematicians, logicians (modern logic was founded mainly by German and British people), and influential philosophers and artists, again many of them Jewish. Aside from the Nazis, I think it's probably true to say that Germany was still significantly less open than Britain or France for example, but probably not so as to be regarded as less civilised. It was just the mentality of the time, with Afro-Americans still to get their civil rights in the U.S. for example. France also had a large number of Nazi sympathisers at the time and Britain had Enoch Powell in the 60s. Further, to judge "civilised" on the basis of inclusiveness seems biased. It's probably true that inclusiveness is an advantage in the long term but very few civilisations have been inclusive (the Romans to some extent and ours dating back to the French and American revolutions...). And of course you would have to count Israel as less civilised for being an excusively Jewish state. So while inclusiveness is a factor in the development of a civilisation it cannot count as a criterion. Also I'm not saying that Nazi Germany was the most civilised regime, only that Nazism appeared in Germany which was the most civilized country at the time. Without the Nazis, I think the modern era would have been shaped much more by the German people than it turned out to be.You concentrate on organization of political, social, technological, ans cultural characteristics in judging relative civilization. My view is that we are first human beings. Measures of what serves bringing human beings into functional groups is of primary interest for those identifying whether and how well those groupings operate as civilizations.
Civilizing aims to bring humans together under common methods and principles. That which makes groups human beings more likely to include all human beings is my primary index of rating common era civilizations. So those groups that exhibit capacity to harbor and include other groups within its organizations are more civilized than those groups that tend to isolate themselves. Also groups endure are more civilized than groups that are only transient.
Lower and Upper kingdom Egypt, Sumeria, Hindu India, Dynastic China from 1500 BC, Byzantium, Rome, Rashidan-Abbisad Caliphate, Ottoman Caliphate, Mayan and Inca empires, and the British empire, are examples best meeting those objectives across the agricultural and industrial eras.
Yes I include blood cultures, slave cultures, repressive cultures, among those whom I believe transcend single areas of dominance in my marking advanced civilizations. Longevity and Multi-group inclusion together with organization, invention, innovation, define relative civilization.
My point is preeminent civilization cannot be merely well organized, but, it needs to be inclusive, noted for innovation and invention in their era to be call advanced in a period.
Perhaps the Prussian-German empire was a competitor for the British empire, but, it was not noted for innovation nor inclusion. Rather it was noted for repression, subjugation, and classism. Note I completely ignore Tsarist Russia for similar reasons primarily isolation. As for My Sparta reference I used it as an example of a repressive short lived isolationist society.
Of course what I lay out is not a political philosophy. Rather it is a civilization philosophy more nearly identified with Utopianism than theocracy or democracy.
EB