The computer with all its programs on it is the "brain", but the "mind" is more about that "context", not the "thing" but the description of what it happens to be doing in the moment.
Jarhyn, I appreciate our need to resort temporarily (even if often) to analogies, metaphors, and similes. However, because even the best analogies are not so much actual descriptions as they are stand-ins for descriptions or stimuli for hoped-for better descriptions, analogies often help us realize what are the areas upon which we should probably turn our focus. Whether brains or minds are computable (or computerizable?) is a separate issue, but in terms of
brain as computer and programs with
mind as description of brain functioning in some specified context, the question at hand would be whether a description of computer functioning affects computer functioning. What is apt about the description analogy is that it presents the description as something other than the functioning itself, just as the mind was put forth as if it were something other than the functioning of the brain, with that functioning somehow generating the mind as description (to continue with the analogy). The question in terms of brain distinguished from mind is whether the mind as a description of brain functioning acts effectually upon brain functioning.
Of course, if it does affect by effecting, then we recognize that we mean something more substantial than a simple description, but that just shows a limit for the analogy, and then, were it necessary or useful, we could work to put forth something in terms other than
description.
On the other hand, if the description is inert with regards to the functioning, then we have
description as an unnecessary variable at best. I guess an analogy here could be something like this: Remember the old days (e.g., the MS-DOS days) when resources were so scant that you found yourself sometimes having to work to minimize variables? Or, to put it another way, scientific experiments often depend on identifying and isolating variables. Here the brain-mind matter can be approached in terms of isolating linguistic variables. Is the
mind variable linguistically necessary if the mind does not effect at all to affect brain functioning?
A problem for reductionism is that it eventually loses (maybe even gets used to deny that there ever was what we regard as actual) content. There is no time, temperature, or pressure at the quantum level. That is not a problem for real-world - uh, I mean macrophysical - science. Macrophysical scientists can say: Sure, sure, somehow quantum level occurrences effect macrophysical content. And then they proceed with their own investigations. If called upon, most real-world science will pay homage to the quantum before moving on to seeking macro-level solutions and understandings. Basically, that is to say that macrophysical science is relatively non-reductionist. (By the way, this is not denying all usefulness to (thinking about) quantum level science.)
So, much - even most - science and scientific understanding can advance without being burdened with the problems introduced by and associated with radical reductionism. Science-istic or science-y philosophizing is not analogous to science in this regard, and the distinction between brain and mind is more a philosophy issue than it is a science matter. We hope that scientists will eventually understand the brain, neurology, and physiology well enough to be able to devise therapies for diseases of brain functioning such as those under the broad dementia category, but those advances will not depend upon thinking that the brain-dependent mind is epiphenomenal. In fact, I expect that regarding the brain-dependent so-called mind as epiphenomenal would be a serious impediment to therapies development.