This isn't a surprise for anyone who bothers to pay attention.
Racism isn't a binary thing. Too many people think that either you're completely not racist or else you're wearing a pillow case on your head and burning crosses in the neighbor's yard while shouting "Make America great again!" with nothing in between. Let me clue you in: almost everyone is somewhere in between.
Most white liberals are indeed less racist than Republicans (although some are just as racist or nearly so), but that's not the same thing as not racist at all. Most white people suffer from
white fragility, liberal and conservative alike. If you simply bring up the topic of racism, many white people get offended or defensive or both and complain about the fact that you brought up the topic at all. Instead of talking about the racism and figuring out what anyone can do about it, they change the topic to whether or not the topic should have been brought up in the first place.
- Everyone is at least a little bit racist.
- Yes, including liberals.
- Many white liberals are in complete denial about their own racism to whatever degree they have it.
- Conservatives are either in denial of their own (often worse) racism as liberals, or else they know they are racist and lie, claiming to not be racist.
- Ironically, that last group is more aware of the extent of their own racism than any of the other white people.
Then of course, there's the regional thing. White people in some places are clearly worse with regards to racism.
Things like this are why I argue that racism is a property of culture, not just a property of individuals.
Most white people are in denial about all of this. They don't
want to be racist, but they also want to avoid carefully examining the topic of racism enough to figure out if anything they've done or do regularly is racist. Thus, I think I am safe in saying that none of the denialists
chose to be racist. If racism comes to us through culture (a series of premises that are almost never openly discussed by people in the culture), then that would explain why we have so many people who don't want to be racist but say and do racist things anyway.
Many people don't realize what assumptions underlie the premises they use to support arguments that they use to evaluate conclusions. This is why culture is such a powerful tool for Christian missionaries, who are trained to manipulate culture to convert entire populations. For example, they didn't have as much success converting indigenous Americans until they altered indigenous culture to treat women and homosexuals worse. Once that change was successfully made to indigenous culture, conversions became much easier.
But I think the best argument that racism is baked into our culture and infects us with bad assumptions that we don't realize we are making is a series of scientific studies done with young children.
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These experiments were first done in the 1940s, and the results are heartbreaking.
It is incredibly unlikely that the parents of those young children (especially the parents of the young minority children) overtly taught their children to make racist assumptions. If those children were not expressly told to make racist assumptions but make them anyway, where did those assumptions come from? Our culture seems the most reasonable explanation to me for how this can happen, and if it can happen in young children, you'd have to be pretty delusional to think that adults are not also affected by this, and from what I can see most are just as unaware that they make those assumptions as the children in these studies.
This only changes when you start accepting that it affects you as well.
In the 1990s, I realized that I was wrong to look down on homosexuals, transgendered, etc. I consciously made the decision to not be prejudiced against them, but when I look back at some of my behavior towards them or in regards to them in the 1990s, some of those memories made me cringe. No doubt a decade from now, I will look back at some of the things I currently say or do with regards to LGBTQ people and cringe all over again. I still have improvements to make, but to the extent that I got this far, I improved as much as I have because I know that simply deciding to not be prejudiced is not enough. Uncomfortable and unpleasant self-criticism is necessary as well, and if you simply assume that you're definitely not prejudiced without that self-examination, you're not going to make
any progress.