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Ranked Choice Voting on the Ballot in New York City

lpetrich

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Ranked-choice voting faces its biggest test yet in New York City - Vox
Instead of Voting for One Candidate, What if New Yorkers Picked Their Top 5? - The New York Times
Opinion | 5 Ballot Proposals for New York - The New York Times

This Tuesday, 2019 November 5, New York City voters will be voting on a ballot proposition for implementing ranked-choice voting, also known as alternative voting or preference voting.

Instead of voting for a single candidate for each city office, they will be voting for five candidates, giving their preference for each: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th.

The votes will be counted up using instant runoff or sequential runoff. In each round, if a candidate gets a majority of top-preference votes, then that candidate wins. Otherwise, the one with the fewest top-preference votes is dropped from the count and the ballots recounted while ignoring that candidate. DemoChoice Polls uses instant-runoff vote counting, and an example of it is in DemoChoice Results - Favorite Ice Cream I myself have implemented that and several other preference-vote-counting algorithms in GitHub - lkpetrich/Preference-Voting: For counting votes in preference voting. Implements a large number of algorithms..

 Ranked-choice voting in the United States - it is now used in some cities, like Minneapolis MN, San Francisco CA, and Oakland CA. It is now also used in the state of Maine.

Though RCV is somewhat complicated, it is not very difficult to understand, and it can make primaries unnecessary. It can also improve the tone of campaigning, since one has less incentive to make enemies in it. Some candidates even make alliances with each other: if you vote for me, then vote for my friends also.

If New York City adopts it, that will be especially significant, since NYC is a very prominent city, and what happens in it is more likely to become widely-known than in most other US cities.
 
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New York City election results: Ranked-choice voting ballot initiative passes - Vox

Twitter:
#RankedChoiceVoting
#RankedChoice
#RCV

My collection of algorithms for counting ranked-choice votes:
Preference-Voting/PrefVote.py at master · lkpetrich/Preference-Voting · GitHub

 Comparison of electoral systems - uses several criteria, some of them rather arcane, but one of them important in the broader world: behavior with similar candidates ("clones"). Do similar candidates hurt each other? Thus being spoilers. Do they help each other? Thus being teams. Do they change how candidates unrelated to them perform? Thus being crowds.

First past the post, what's commonly used in the US, Canada, and UK, is vulnerable to spoilers.

Top-two runoff (two-ballot system) is also vulnerable to spoilers, but not as much.

Instant runoff is essentially cloneproof - no spoilers, teams, or crowds. Which is a Very Good Thing about it.
 
I'm keen. I've been told there's a measure coming up to decide whether to do this with the civic elections in my town of residence (which is across the Bay from two others on your list). I get all my local political news from my barista, but she's usually right. Can one of one's ranked choices be a write-in vote, in such a scenario?
 
It's completely feasible for a ranked-choice ballot to have blank spots for writing in candidate names. I don't know what jurisdiction it is, so I can't check on whether that is planned or not.

AOC, Andrew Yang get wish as NYC voters adopt ranked-choice voting system | Fox News
Ranked-choice voting has sometimes resulted in unorthodox campaign tactics -- including groups of candidates forming alliances against competitors to win the second- or third-place votes, Politico reported. California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, voted against a bill last month that would have permitted more cities and counties to use the system, saying it spurred too much voter confusion.

The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, published a report in August that said ranked-choice could obscure voter choices and devalue individuals' votes.

"It also disenfranchises voters, because ballots that do not include the two ultimate finalists are cast aside to manufacture a faux majority for the winner," the report says. "In the end, a voter’s ballot might wind up being cast for the candidate he ranked far below his first choice — a candidate to whom he may have strong political objections and for whom he would not vote in a traditional voting system."
A rather nonsensical objection, IMO. If politics is the art of compromise, then preference voting is politics at its best, because if one's top choice doesn't win, one's next choice will still be counted.
 
It's an absolute win to have people's actual preferences count instead of just forcing them to kick between two undesirable options.

It could even make a huge difference in result. If the media convinces everyone that A and B are the two parties most will vote for, then most will do so so their votes count, even if C and D are actually preferred by most.

I am actually surprised how few here care to comment on this.
 
H.R.4464 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Ranked Choice Voting Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress - Senators and Representatives are to be elected in ranked-choice / instant-runoff fashion.

The maximum number of preferences may be less than the number of candidates, as long as that number is at least 6. This is to avoid having a large number of preferences, something that can be awkward.

The vote counting includes the option of batch elimination of losers whose combined votes are not enough to give any remaining candidate a majority.


H.R.4000 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Fair Representation Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress - Representatives are to be elected in (single-seat) instant-runoff or (multiseat) single-transferable-vote fashion.

For a multiseat election, the victory quota is (# votes) / ( (# seats) + 1 ) and all the votes are initially weighted 1.

The count proceeds as in instant runoff, with all weights of votes added up. If the candidate with the most votes has more than the victory quota, then that candidate drops out as a winner. The ballots that elected that candidate then have their weights multiplied by (votes over quota) / (all votes), because they have contributed a winner.

If no candidate is above quota, then one eliminates the candidate with the fewest votes, as in IRV.

Repeat until all the seats are filled.

The vote counting includes the option of batch elimination of losers whose combined votes are not enough to any remaining candidate a victory.

If a state's delegation has at most 5 Representatives, then they are elected at large, in one statewide district. If a state has more, then it then has more than one district, each one with 3 to 5 Reps.

6 = 3 + 3
7 = 3 + 4
8 = 4 + 4
9 = 4 + 5
10 = 5 + 5
11 = 3 + 3 + 5
12 = 3 + 4 + 5
13 = 4 + 4 + 5
14 = 4 + 5 + 5
15 = 5 + 5 + 5
...
 
H.R.4464 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Ranked Choice Voting Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress - Senators and Representatives are to be elected in ranked-choice / instant-runoff fashion.

The maximum number of preferences may be less than the number of candidates, as long as that number is at least 6. This is to avoid having a large number of preferences, something that can be awkward.

The vote counting includes the option of batch elimination of losers whose combined votes are not enough to give any remaining candidate a majority.


H.R.4000 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Fair Representation Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress - Representatives are to be elected in (single-seat) instant-runoff or (multiseat) single-transferable-vote fashion.

For a multiseat election, the victory quota is (# votes) / ( (# seats) + 1 ) and all the votes are initially weighted 1.

The count proceeds as in instant runoff, with all weights of votes added up. If the candidate with the most votes has more than the victory quota, then that candidate drops out as a winner. The ballots that elected that candidate then have their weights multiplied by (votes over quota) / (all votes), because they have contributed a winner.

If no candidate is above quota, then one eliminates the candidate with the fewest votes, as in IRV.

Repeat until all the seats are filled.

The vote counting includes the option of batch elimination of losers whose combined votes are not enough to any remaining candidate a victory.

If a state's delegation has at most 5 Representatives, then they are elected at large, in one statewide district. If a state has more, then it then has more than one district, each one with 3 to 5 Reps.

6 = 3 + 3
7 = 3 + 4
8 = 4 + 4
9 = 4 + 5
10 = 5 + 5
11 = 3 + 3 + 5
12 = 3 + 4 + 5
13 = 4 + 4 + 5
14 = 4 + 5 + 5
15 = 5 + 5 + 5
...

Complicated. But definitely a step up from simple first past the post.
 
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