Yeah, it is clear that you and almost all AA supporters expect (or more accurately presume) that, but it is a baseless assumption that rests on the additional presumption that racial discrimination in admissions decisions is the only possible admissions factor that could relate to race in any way. That is silly and factually just plain false. First, blacks are much more likely to drop out of high school, and that makes getting into college tough. Second, black you do graduate are much less likely to apply to college and that makes getting accepted tough. Third, blacks are much less likely to voluntarily take extra math courses beyond the 2 required by most high schools (they don't get beyond Algebra) and much less likely to take any honors courses in any of the subjects (ACT and SAT are both highly predicted by whether students took honors courses and core subjects as electives). Fourth, blacks are less likely to engage in volunteer work and community service that can help boost an application with mediocre academic scores. Fifth, blacks do worse in their high school courses. Blacks are less likely to get support at home with their school work (in large part due to much higher rates of absentee fathers). Anti-school attitudes are stronger in black communities. Basically, think of everything that impacts being intellectually and emotionally prepared to do well in college anqd to be motivated to try and get into college, and their is a high probability that black do worse on most of those factors. For example, we don't have data on it, but it would be highly consistent with what we do know if blacks were much less likely to be willing to do extra credit to boost their HSGPA when given the opportunity. IOW, teachers usually do things to allow students who try hard but struggle to pull up their grade. But most of these probably widen the black-white gap even more because the white kids who don't need the extra points are more likely to do the extra work than the black kids that do need the extra points.
In sum, in a world where admissions offices bent over backwards to find every excuse to admit as many blacks as they could while still pretending its a merit based decision, there would still be notably fewer blacks in college than in the population. Which is in fact the situation we have now. None of the above requires accepting any kind of racist assumptions of inherent black inferiority. In part, this is because many of the factors are not about ability but about effort, preparation, goals, and values. But also because cultural differences can shape all of these things independent of any innate abilities to learn or innate personality traits.
Are some of those cultural differences due to experiences in poor and violent neighborhoods, racism by police, family cultures shaped by Jim Crow, and Slavery? Absolutely. But none of that is college admissions discrimination and none of it can be undone by college admissions decisions and efforts to do so are as or more likely to cause more such problems than "correct" for them (such as AA increasing failure rates in college among minority groups and thus increasing stereotype beliefs about lesser ability not only among whites but among blacks along with increasing anti-school attitudes). Also, none of these factors are unique to minorities and exist among many white applicants. It is just a matter of group level averages. So, use of race as a proxy for these is using a chainsaw to do surgery and will lead to many mistakes and harm.
Finally,
Hispanics make up about 16.5% of college students that matches their 16.9% of the population. So, any claims of racial discrimination in admissions would have to assert that the same racists who don't want blacks in colleges, have no problem with Hispanics and like Asians more than whites.
Why do you think that white and Asian Americans score higher than do black or Hispanic Americans on standardized tests in the U.S.?
For many of the reasons described above, none of which have to do with the test being at all unfair as a measure of blacks aptitude and intellectual and motivational readiness for college education. In fact, those factors predict such differences in test scores the more valid those tests are. Given that blacks don't take as hard of courses, don't do as well in courses, and all the other factors, any test that didn't show blacks with lower avg scores would have to be invalid as a measure of intellectual readiness for college.
First, it is amazing how well you know what goes on black households and minds and what the desires of black people are. It is stunning in fact.
Not amazing at all. I just actually pay attention to empirical science. What is amazing is that you do not.
There is data relevant to everything I mentioned. Also, negative attitudes toward school within the black community is something commonly acknowledged by leaders in the black community. As for black students not taking the elective courses in high school that prep them for college and for the SAT and ACT, National samples from the College Board show that blacks are only 1/2 to 2/3 as likely to enroll in such high school courses.
Note that the figure comes not from some right wing rag, but the "Journal of Blacks in Higher Education" that was founded by a well known civil rights activist (Theodore Lamont Cross) that is dedicated to improving higher education prospects for black students.
Do black people in total or in the majority not value education, not set educational goals, not plan their educational track well, etc., because we don't value education, or we don't value the education we are getting?
First, note that nothing I said implies that all or even a majority of blacks place no value on education. What I said was "Anti-school attitudes are stronger in black communities." In fact I went to lengths to refute the strawman mischaracterization that you predictably created because you react with emotional ideology and don't bother to try and comprehend the points you are reacting to. I said "Also, none of these factors are unique to minorities and exist among many white applicants. It is just a matter of group level averages."
IOW words a majority of blacks could highly value formal schooling and most of the rest modestly value it, yet the average level of support for formal schooling could be lower than it i among whites, thus being one of many factors that contribute to poorer school performance.
Also, I was referring to the schooling opportunities they have that prep from for college admission and college courses. Might they have more value on other forms of "education" broadly construed? Sure, but that is irrelevant to the issue that their poor representation among college students is due partly to the contribution the attitudes about their actual schooling that contribute to poor preparation for college in the form of taking college prep courses in high school, dropping out (their drop out rates are higher in every single State), getting poorer grades, etc.. Yes, all of those are impacting by things other than attitudes, but attitudes play a role and attitudes were only one of the many factors I listed.
As for what drives academic attitudes, that is a separate issue from the fact that less positive attitudes will lower college admissions via a number of pathways, and thus separate from the falseness of Toni's admitted assumption that blacks being lower than 13% of college students must be due to discrimination by college admissions. But turning to this separate issue, there is some research on academic aspirations among black students looking at a host of potential predictors.
This study looking specifically at black youths found that the strongest predictors of educational aspirations were positive attitudes about schoolwork, their grades, their parents involvement in helping them plan for college, and their parents expectations about going to college. Among black males (but not females) having lower aspirations and more negative attitudes about schoolwork both predicted whether the student made use of the educational resources in their community. Again, is historic racism a factor in these things? Of course. But that admitting one student over based on race (which is what AA does) just because the students poorer preparation for college might be partly due to historic racism is itself racist, immoral, unjust, and ineffective at correcting the problems that give rise to the discrepancies in college preparation.