P1: A freely chosen will is when someone chooses for themselves what they will do, while free of coercion and other forms of undue influence.
P2: A world is deterministic if every event is reliably caused by prior events.
P3: A freely chosen will is reliably caused by the person's own goals, reasons, or interests (with their prior causes).
P4: An unfree choice is reliably caused by coercion or undue influence (with their prior causes).
C: Therefore, the notion of a freely chosen will (and its opposite) is still meaningful within a fully deterministic world.
The critical part is the means and mechanisms of decision making. Wording the process of motor as 'deliberate motor actions' gives the impression that conscious will runs the show.
It is necessary to distinguish between
autonomic actions, like a heart beat,
reflexive actions, like a hand jerks away from hot surface, and
deliberate actions, like choosing to raise our hand to ask a question in class.
A motor action, while you can say that it deliberate in the sense that it's a response to stimuli, has not been consciously deliberated, regulated or willed into being.
That would be a reflex. For example, the doctor taps under your patella producing a knee-jerk response. It is not something that you choose to do.
The motor response is determined by unconscious neural activity prior to conscious awareness. Rather than being willed, it is necessitated and fixed by information exchange between the brain and environment.
Well, no. The only "information" is the signal from the nerves under the patella to the spinal cord and back to the muscle. It never reaches the brain. Reflexes have nothing to do with free will.
Free will is a decision we make for ourselves while free coercion and undue influence. It will involved the brain, thinking about options, and choosing between them. You will know when you have made a deliberate decision.
The distinction between being forced by external agent and routine information processing does not establish the latter as freely willed activity.
The distinction being.
1 - You being forced against your will.
2 - You act according to your will, but your will is fixed by determinants beyond your control.
The "determinants beyond my control" happen to be "me" deciding what I will have for dinner. You are still resting your argument upon a delusion that these determinants are somehow not me. But they are uniquely located within me, and within each person sitting with me in the restaurant. They are an integral part of who and what we are. They have no control at all except by their being part of an intelligent species that is capable of choosing what it will have for dinner and communicating that choice to the waiter.
And, if I choose to make a ruckus in the restaurant, such that the owner throws me out, those "determinants beyond my control" will also go out the door. So, I had best learn some self-control, which would again be those "determinants beyond my control" controlling themselves better.
I am they and they are me. There is no dualism to be found here. That would be a delusion.
If actions are determined, there is never the possibility of an alternate choice or action.
That has been repeatedly refuted. There is not merely the "possibility" of an alternate choice or action, but the "necessity" of an alternate choice and action!
Look at the menu. In a deterministic world that menu had to be there. It was inevitable. And, there on the menu, are a list of alternate choices for dinner, every one of which is a real possibility. So, your claim that "there is never the possibility of an alternate choice or action" is empirically false, because there they are.
The state of a brain produces the action that is determined in any given instance.
Of course. We wouldn't want it to happen any other way. The brain functions deterministically, and every choice it ever makes will be the reliable result of some specific combination of the physical, biological, and rational causal mechanisms. The last thing we would want is an unreliable brain. (And yet it seems to be the last thing we get).
It is information processing. The unique state of a brain produces actions that are specific to that brain.
Yes. Information processing is the rational causal mechanism. It's what the brain evolved to do. With intelligence species we get imagination, evaluation, and choosing. When we are free to decide for ourselves what we will do, we get free will. When someone imposes their will upon us at gunpoint, our will is subjugated to their will, and we are not free to decide for ourselves what we will do.
''This is shown here: if
the absence of constraints is all that is needed for us to make free choices then surely this should apply to inanimate objects such as rocks, boulders or clouds. ..."
Are you kidding me? Inanimate objects do not have brains. They do not make choices as to what they will or will not do. They respond passively to physical forces. We, on the other hand, do have brains. We can choose what we will or will not do. If something bumps into us, we can bump back.
I would like to think that we were above that rather silly level of argument.