You still imply that the mind gains independence from the brain. That the mind is able to act on its own volition separately from the brain, which is the very thing that is generating and forming mind as it is being experienced
The fact that you bring up biofeedback shows how poor your understanding of cognitive process is.
Biofeedback supplies the brain with new information, which is propagated throughout the system, processed and used to alter mind and behaviour. Information input alters the state of the system and the mind.
Information input precedes conscious experience. You should understand this by now.
The mind must exist beyond and independent of the brain.
Well, that's where you go astray. Your assumption has no support. Of course, that won't stop you from making the claim and just repeating it like repetition proves something. It doesn't. Your claims are unfounded.
Meanwhile, the actual research;
Neuronal Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness
''This review focuses on conscious awareness: the state in which external and internal stimuli are perceived and can be intentionally acted on. Much investigative effort has been directed at testing theoretical constructs dealing with general as well as specific characteristics of conscious awareness.''
'' We address 3 general questions: Where in the brain does consciousness occur? When does it occur in relation to external and/or internal stimuli? How are the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the emergence of consciousness?
Experimentally obtained answers to these questions, although at times not definitive, narrow the list of possible hypotheses, provide new insights into conscious mechanisms, and guide future research.''
Where
Considering the dispersed nature of various sensory centers in the brain and the resultant complexity of consciousness, it is likely that the interaction between different cerebral areas gives rise to consciousness. In their classic studies, Plum and Posner1 analyzed clinical records of comatose patients across a period of several decades. Coma was found to result from diffuse cerebral dysfunction, extensive damage to both cerebral hemispheres, diffuse demyelination of the hemispheral subcortex, destruction of the thalamus, or lesions of the upper brainstem. Coma may be induced by relatively focal subcortical damage to the diencephalon or midbrain. In contrast, unilateral lesions of the cerebral hemispheres, unless augmented by secondary lesions, are incapable of permanently affecting all consciousness but may cause transient loss of awareness. Focal cortical lesions may produce deficits in circumscribed aspects of conscious perception. In the right parietal cortex, for example, such lesions may impair perception of stimuli from the left hemispace.''
When
''When do humans become conscious of external stimuli? The seminal studies of Libet et al6,7 provide insights into the timing of conscious awareness. Using trains of electrical stimuli to the human cortex, Libet and colleagues demonstrated that perceptual threshold decreases as the train duration is extended up to about 300 to 500 milliseconds and that longer train durations do not further lower the perceptual threshold. They called this 300- to 500-millisecond window the utilization time and suggested that it was the time necessary for a stimulus to reach conscious awareness. They argued that once conscious awareness was achieved, it was referred back in time to the primary evoked potential (EP) that served as a timing element. The finding that peripheral stimulation of the hand is perceived before cortical stimulation has been attributed to the absence of primary EPs during cortical stimulation and the resultant failure of time referral.6 Consistent with this theory, Libet and colleagues described a patient with a parietal stroke who exhibited reduced contralateral tactile perception and lacked the primary somatosensory EP on the side of the stroke. When given simultaneous bilateral stimuli, the patient perceived stimuli to the hand ipsilateral to the stroke first. Stimuli were perceived as simultaneous if the ipsilateral hand was stimulated about 400 milliseconds after the contralateral hand.''
''Masking experiments have been instrumental in further defining the temporal gap between stimulus presentation and its conscious perception. Masking refers to the suppression of conscious perception of a target stimulus by another stimulus. The masking effect is enhanced in some patients with focal cerebral lesions (eg, neglect syndrome), but it can also be produced in healthy subjects. In the somatosensory modality, a mask given 50 to 100 milliseconds after the target stimulus to the opposite hand is actually more effective in blocking the target than if presented simultaneously with the target.8 These findings demonstrate not only that conscious perception is delayed but also that the mechanisms leading to conscious perception are particularly sensitive to disruptions at this specific time interval.''
