The question is; when one observer is moving faster than another and for them time is moving slower, is a different amount of time passing, or is the same amount of time passing differently?
Time passes for each at the usual rate.
Twin-clock paradox. Synchronize two atomic clocks. Send one to Sydney and back. It shows less ticks.
There are multiple paths from A(t) to A(t'). Some take less distance; some take less duration.
If it is the same amount of time passing differently then there is only one now.
Not really. Now is a local phenomenon. There is no such thing as simultaneous. Time runs just a hairs breath different at your head than at your feet because gravity field density affects duration.
If an infinite amount of "nows" must occur before any 'now' can occur, how does that 'now' occur?
The trick is to make time eternal in both directions with the start in the middle.
To answer you must assume "nows" exist. If they don't that is another matter.
1) the faster something moves in space, the slower its time moves (less amount of their time per your time).
But what does slower time mean?
Does it mean more time or does it mean the same time stretched out.
Does the faster person experience more seconds, or do they experience the same amount of seconds that are longer?
If they experience stretched seconds and not more seconds then there is only one now and nobody is moving back in time relative to another person, they are just experiencing longer seconds. That is why time is moving slower for them.
2) in any interval of time there are an infinite of nows.
If you could demonstrate it I would believe it.
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One eternal model is the Carroll-Chen version. There are others.
How would we confirm such a model?
Do you think we have access to information from so-called negative time?