The HEXACO personality model (Ashton & Lee, 2007) proposes that there are six rather than five personality factors: Honesty-Humility (H), Emotionality (E), eXtraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience (O). A relatively new measure of personality, the HEXACO appears to have better theoretical, empirical, and cross-cultural support than the Big Five (de Vries, Tybur, Pollet, & van Vugt, 2016). In particular, the HEXACO delineates antisociality more clearly than the Big Five.
To begin with, people with low scores on Honesty-Humility are more likely to manipulate and exploit others, feel entitled and important, and are more likely to break rules for personal gain. There are 4 facets within the Honesty-Humility domain, namely: sincerity, fairness, greed avoidance, and modesty.
Low Emotionality scorers are emotionally detached and low on empathy, making them less likely to be concerned with the effect of their willing behavior on other people. They are also less likely to be worried in stressful situations, which may improve their crisis management skills. Facets within this domain include fearfulness, anxiety, sentimentality, and dependence.
High scores on eXtraversion are correlated with confidence, charisma, and sociability. The four facets in the domain of eXtraversion are social self-esteem, social boldness, sociability, and liveliness.
Agreeableness relates to the ability to forgive, being tolerant, and willing to compromise/cooperate with others. Low scorers tend to be vengeful, stubborn, and are more likely to react to provocation with anger. This domain is exemplified by facets measuring forgiveness, gentleness, flexibility, and patience.
People who are high on Conscientiousness are organized, disciplined, and make thoughtful decisions, whereas low scorers are impulsive in their decision making and are less concerned with quality of work. Conscientiousness is further split into facets measuring organization, diligence, perfectionism, and prudence.
The final subscale, Openness to Experience, is related to intellectual curiosity and the tendency to be interested in new or unconventional ideas. This domain includes 4 facets measuring aesthetic appreciation, inquisitiveness, creativity, and unconventionality.
There is also an interstitial scale directly measuring Altruism. People who score low on this scale are hard-hearted and less likely to engage in helping others.
