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The meaning of infinity

Applying geometric series to repeating decimals yields a fractional representaion, not a finite equaliy.

You continue to ignore the logical problem. An infinite 0.999... can not tranform to a finite 1. Finite and infinite are mutially exclussive. Jumping to a conclusion involving what seems to be a mthematical solution to a problem ignoring logical issues can end up biting you in the ass in the real world, I know. You can not leave the logical contradiction unanswered and keep saying 'the math is correct'. It is correct, but your conclusion is wrong.

0.333 goes to 1/3 a fractional approximation to 0.333...

0.999.. goes to a fraction 1/1 as an approximation to 0.999...

I have used series, in one case computing trig functions in software.

It has been an ok sprring session. Do me a favor, if you do any computaional work on a building, bridge, or jet let me know so I can avoid them...:D
 
That's not what you're doing.

You're dividing 9 by 9.

You are not dealing with 1/9 at all.

Of course I am. The fact that the formula "9 * (1/9)" can be rewritten as "(9*1) / 9" is part of my argument, but it doesn't bar me from doing the calculations in either order. When one of those returns the decimal result 0.999... and the other 1.000..., we've demonstrated that those two strings are synonymous signs for the same number.

A stupid worthless trick.



It doesn't matter how many "1"s there are. As long as the (tautological) rule that "1 * 9 = 9" doesn't change and the input is defined as containing no non-zero digits other than "1", I can see at a glance that I'll get the exact same number of "9"s in the output as I had "1" in the input, in the exact same positions. Whether that number is finite or infinite doesn't need to concern me.

You are pretending there is a finish to an infinite process.

And in that pretending is where you are rounding off.

You wanted to know where you are doing it so now you know.

Another stupid worthless charade.

Pretend an infinite process ends to prove an infinite string of 9's ends.

Worthless.

Is my English that poor? I never came anywhere near making the bolded statement. I didn't even talk about strings at all. I am clearly, I believe, talking about numbers.

A string of nines, infinite or otherwise, is not a number, it's a string, that, by some arbitrary convention, is taken to refer to a number. When and whether that string ends has no place in a discussion of the number it refers to. It tells us no more about the nature of of that number than the character count of the English words "Australia" and "Asia" tells us about the size of the continents conventionally referred to by them.
 
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Applying geometric series to repeating decimals yields a fractional representaion, not a finite equaliy.

You continue to ignore the logical problem. An infinite 0.999... can not tranform to a finite 1.

There's nothing infinite about the number referred to by 0.999... The symbol, if you disallow yourself ellipsis, may be infinite, but that's about as informative as using the respective word's character count to demonstrate that Australia is at least twice as big as Asia, that is, not at all.

Let's use another "infinite" case, "0.666..." as an illustration. In base twelve, this comes out as 0.8, three bytes total, definitely a finite representation. If you want to keep conflating numbers and their string representation, you end up with the ridiculous result that whether 2/3 is finite or infinite depends on the language you use to describe the result.

Finite and infinite are mutially exclussive. Jumping to a conclusion involving what seems to be a mthematical solution to a problem ignoring logical issues can end up biting you in the ass in the real world, I know. You can not leave the logical contradiction unanswered and keep saying 'the math is correct'. It is correct, but your conclusion is wrong.

0.333 goes to 1/3 a fractional approximation to 0.333...

0.999.. goes to a fraction 1/1 as an approximation to 0.999...

Wrong, as you've been shown in at least three different ways by now. There is no shame in being wrong. There is shame in deciding to remain wrong.

I have used series, in one case computing trig functions in software.

It has been an ok sprring session. Do me a favor, if you do any computaional work on a building, bridge, or jet let me know so I can avoid them...:D

Likewise. Someone who confuses to labels with the thing they refer to is likely to conclude that the sun is 60% further away everywhere else than it is in the US, and likely to install insufficient heat protection in anything built for export because "they won't need it out there, beyond the orbit of Mars".
 
I looked a little deeper.

a/1-r is derived from evaluating an summation n to infinity. The convergence test is taken as a limit as n-> infinity. So a/1-r is itself a limit taken to infinity, an approximation. We say lmmit x-> in 1/[2 + 1/x] is 2 computationally, but in reality it is never exactly 2.

For myself the question is closed.

The fact that 0.999... -> 1/1 is due to the formula itself, there is no other clse approximation by a ratio that is possible by the formula.

BTW, if you fly Bombardier, Boeng, or Airbus jets your flight safety may be in part due to yours truly. Scary thought ain't it? I worked at a cmpany that made avionics. The system provided several flight critical functions.
 
Of course I am. The fact that the formula "9 * (1/9)" can be rewritten as "(9*1) / 9" is part of my argument, but it doesn't bar me from doing the calculations in either order. When one of those returns the decimal result 0.999... and the other 1.000..., we've demonstrated that those two strings are synonymous signs for the same number.

There is no logical connection between 1/9 and 9/1.

They are completely different division operations that yield completely different results.

4/7 has no relation to 7/4.

They are distinct entities.

1/9 has no final value.

You round when you treat it as if it does and willy nilly perform operations pulled from left field.

You have a bunch of rounding tricks for people who think infinities or infinite operations can complete.

Is my English that poor? I never came anywhere near making the bolded statement. I didn't even talk about strings at all. I am clearly, I believe, talking about numbers.

A number has a value.

0.999... has no final value.

If you claim it does you are claiming the infinite string of 9's completes.

Your problem is you treat distinct things as if they are the same thing.

0.999... is a completely different thing than 1.

It is not even a number.

It is a thing with no final value.

There is no last 9.
 
I looked a little deeper.

a/1-r is derived from evaluating an summation n to infinity. The convergence test is taken as a limit as n-> infinity. So a/1-r is itself a limit taken to infinity, an approximation.

I'm not a native speaker, but I was under the impression that the word "so" is used when one thing follows from the other. This isn't the case here.

"The sky is blue, so your breakfast was unhealthy."

We say lmmit x-> in 1/[2 + 1/x] is 2 computationally, but in reality it is never exactly 2.

For myself the question is closed.

The fact that 0.999... -> 1/1 is due to the formula itself, there is no other clse approximation by a ratio that is possible by the formula.

What does this even mean? You may want to re-read your own link from just a few hours ago. The formula does not provide an approximation and it is applicable to all numbers that are represented as a recurrent sequence of digits in base 10 (or for that matter any other base).

BTW, if you fly Bombardier, Boeng, or Airbus jets your flight safety may be in part due to yours truly. Scary thought ain't it? I worked at a cmpany that made avionics. The system provided several flight critical functions.

I just hope your supervisors knew what they could or couldn't entrust you with. Sorting a list numerically sure isn't one of those things - by failing to distinguish numbers and strings, you're bound to end up with the classic '1-10-100-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-2-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-3-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-38-39-4-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47-48-49-5-50-51-52-53-54-55-56-57-58-59-6-60-61-62-63-64-65-66-67-68-69-7-70-71-72-73-74-75-76-77-78-79-8-80-81-82-83-84-85-86-87-88-89-9-90-91-92-93-94-95-96-97-98-99'
 
Of course I am. The fact that the formula "9 * (1/9)" can be rewritten as "(9*1) / 9" is part of my argument, but it doesn't bar me from doing the calculations in either order. When one of those returns the decimal result 0.999... and the other 1.000..., we've demonstrated that those two strings are synonymous signs for the same number.

There is no logical connection between 1/9 and 9/1.

They are completely different division operations that yield completely different results.

4/7 has no relation to 7/4.

They are distinct entities.

You're not telling me anything I haven't known for around b100000 years. Yes they are distinct entities, but both are finite rational numbers.

1/9 has no final value.

Of course it does. 0.04 in base 6, or 0.14 in base 12. The fact that it is not possible to express this value without somehow marking recursion in base 10 is a bug of base 10 notation, nothing more, nothing less. Definitely not a property of the number itself

You round when you treat it as if it does and willy nilly perform operations pulled from left field.

You have a bunch of rounding tricks for people who think infinities or infinite operations can complete.

Is my English that poor? I never came anywhere near making the bolded statement. I didn't even talk about strings at all. I am clearly, I believe, talking about numbers.

A number has a value.

0.999... has no final value.

If you claim it does you are claiming the infinite string of 9's completes.

Your problem is you treat distinct things as if they are the same thing.

0.999... is a completely different thing than 1.

It is not even a number.

It is a thing with no final value.

There is no last 9.

Do you even know what "rounding" means?

Do you understand that the decimal system is not the numbers, but a language used to refer to numbers -- one that happens to be well suited for expressing 1/2 and 1/5 (and 1/4, 1/8, 1/10, 1/16, 1/20 - in essence every divisor whose set of prime roots is a subset of {2,3}) but not quite so well suited for expressing 1/3 or 1/9? That other equivalent systems (like duodecimal, base 12) are well suited to express 1/3 as 0.4 and 1/9 as 0.14, but run into a similar problems with 1/5 instead? That the number 1/5 doesn't give a rat's ass whether you choose to write it in decimal as 0.2 or in duodecimal as 0.(2497) with an infinitely recurring pattern, and remains the same rational number even when you decide to label it "garlicbread"?
 
AT ANY PRESENT MOMENT ALL the events in the past have completed.

NO more events in the past will take place AT THAT PRESENT MOMENT.

No more events can take place in the past at a present moment.

They are ALL completed.

They could not have been infinite.

Time in the past could not have been infinite.

This still doesn't relate to what I said. You are still making up stuff that nobody has claimed and calling it absurd. You appear to be arguing with yourself.
 
I looked a little deeper.

a/1-r is derived from evaluating an summation n to infinity. The convergence test is taken as a limit as n-> infinity. So a/1-r is itself a limit taken to infinity, an approximation.
It is not an approximation. A truncated value as for example 0.999 is an approximation of 0.999...
the limit is EXAXTLY what the infinite sum should IF someone summed every term.

The trick is that we dont need to sum all terms to calculate the result. That is a common way math works: there are smarter way to calculate stuff than just adding the terms.

That you never learned and understood the basics of calculus and yet has worked with safety critical systems is a bit disturbing.
It makes me wonder what other holes there are in your education. I can only hope that you just had a brainfart caused by a not want to loose your prestige.
 
I looked a little deeper.

a/1-r is derived from evaluating an summation n to infinity. The convergence test is taken as a limit as n-> infinity. So a/1-r is itself a limit taken to infinity, an approximation.
It is not an approximation. A truncated value as for example 0.999 is an approximation of 0.999...
the limit is EXAXTLY what the infinite sum should IF someone summed every term.

The trick is that we dont need to sum all terms to calculate the result. That is a common way math works: there are smarter way to calculate stuff than just adding the terms.

That you never learned and understood the basics of calculus and yet has worked with safety critical systems is a bit disturbing.
It makes me wonder what other holes there are in your education. I can only hope that you just had a brainfart caused by a not want to loose your prestige.

The funny thing is that all of us do that all the time, even with finite calculations. I assume that steve_bank himself applies the same technique when e. g. multiplying 1100 * 70 by hand: Instead of doing 70 additions in a loop, we utilize a memorized trick, a shorthand, that tells us what the result would be if we actually did all those additions.

But somehow in this case, he insists that if we can't use any shorthands and in effect have to calculate the result with our fingers kindergarten-style or it doesn't count.
 
I'm not a native speaker, but I was under the impression that the word "so" is used when one thing follows from the other. This isn't the case here.

"The sky is blue, so your breakfast was unhealthy."



What does this even mean? You may want to re-read your own link from just a few hours ago. The formula does not provide an approximation and it is applicable to all numbers that are represented as a recurrent sequence of digits in base 10 (or for that matter any other base).

BTW, if you fly Bombardier, Boeng, or Airbus jets your flight safety may be in part due to yours truly. Scary thought ain't it? I worked at a cmpany that made avionics. The system provided several flight critical functions.

I just hope your supervisors knew what they could or couldn't entrust you with. Sorting a list numerically sure isn't one of those things - by failing to distinguish numbers and strings, you're bound to end up with the classic '1-10-100-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-2-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-3-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-38-39-4-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47-48-49-5-50-51-52-53-54-55-56-57-58-59-6-60-61-62-63-64-65-66-67-68-69-7-70-71-72-73-74-75-76-77-78-79-8-80-81-82-83-84-85-86-87-88-89-9-90-91-92-93-94-95-96-97-98-99'

HeeHee. I have run with some of the best in my generation. Your attack is a bit feeble. Most electrical engineers involved in electronic design out of necessity become applied mathematicians. I worked on an IC that did analog computation in the control of an RGB laser video projector. Analog solutions to differential equations. There wasn't enough room on the chip to instantiate a processor core. The group spoke calculus.

As Homs are the last resort of incapable.

If you can not follow my reasoning that is not my problem. Perhaps you do not have the experience and depth.

Sorting and searching? You mean like hashing, bubble sort, and halving algorithms? Knuth's text Seminumerical Algorithms was part of my library. Parsing strings? For fun I wrote n RPN calculator parsing text strings and processing equations..

What have you done lately?
 
I'm not a native speaker, but I was under the impression that the word "so" is used when one thing follows from the other. This isn't the case here.

"The sky is blue, so your breakfast was unhealthy."



What does this even mean? You may want to re-read your own link from just a few hours ago. The formula does not provide an approximation and it is applicable to all numbers that are represented as a recurrent sequence of digits in base 10 (or for that matter any other base).

BTW, if you fly Bombardier, Boeng, or Airbus jets your flight safety may be in part due to yours truly. Scary thought ain't it? I worked at a cmpany that made avionics. The system provided several flight critical functions.

I just hope your supervisors knew what they could or couldn't entrust you with. Sorting a list numerically sure isn't one of those things - by failing to distinguish numbers and strings, you're bound to end up with the classic '1-10-100-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-2-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-3-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-38-39-4-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47-48-49-5-50-51-52-53-54-55-56-57-58-59-6-60-61-62-63-64-65-66-67-68-69-7-70-71-72-73-74-75-76-77-78-79-8-80-81-82-83-84-85-86-87-88-89-9-90-91-92-93-94-95-96-97-98-99'

HeeHee. I have run with some of the best in my generation. Your attack is a bit feeble. Most electrical engineers involved in electronic design out of necessity become applied mathematicians. I worked on an IC that did analog computation in the control of an RGB laser video projector. Analog solutions to differential equations. There wasn't enough room on the chip to instantiate a processor core. The group spoke calculus.

As Homs are the last resort of incapable.

If you can not follow my reasoning that is not my problem. Perhaps you do not have the experience and depth.

Sorting and searching? You mean like hashing, bubble sort, and halving algorithms? Knuth's text Seminumerical Algorithms was part of my library. Parsing strings? For fun I wrote n RPN calculator parsing text strings and processing equations..

What have you done lately?

Reminded myself that strings are not numbers.

You should try this sometime. It might help you understand why you're wrong this once, whatever your strengths may otherwise be (accepted you made an oopsie obviously isn't one of them). The fastest sorting algorithm will throw a wrong result fast when your function expects numbers and is fed strings.

And do I really have to remind you who started with the ad hominems? Does "Do me a favor, if you do any computaional work on a building, bridge, or jet let me know so I can avoid them..." sound like something you may have typed?
 
This is off topic, but what the hell it is my thread. A sample problem.



An electric series resistor and capacitor driven by an AC source. What is the voltage across the resistor and capacitor vs time, and what is current vs time? It is a basic but not a contrived problem. It helps to understand electric circuits butbnot necessary. It is a simple differential equation.


Vc voltage across capacitor i = Cdv/dt Vc = integral(idt/C)
Vr voltage across resistor = i(t)*R
i(t) current
R resistor 1000
C capacitor 1*10^-6
Initial conditions i = 0, Vc = 0, Vr = 0.

Vs = 12 + 4*sin(2pi1000t) + 2*sin(2pi3000t)


Vs = Vr + Vc
Vs = 12 + 4*sin(2pi1000t) + 2*sin(2pi3000t) = i(t)*R + integral(idt/C)
 
HeeHee. I have run with some of the best in my generation. Your attack is a bit feeble. Most electrical engineers involved in electronic design out of necessity become applied mathematicians. I worked on an IC that did analog computation in the control of an RGB laser video projector. Analog solutions to differential equations. There wasn't enough room on the chip to instantiate a processor core. The group spoke calculus.

As Homs are the last resort of incapable.

If you can not follow my reasoning that is not my problem. Perhaps you do not have the experience and depth.

Sorting and searching? You mean like hashing, bubble sort, and halving algorithms? Knuth's text Seminumerical Algorithms was part of my library. Parsing strings? For fun I wrote n RPN calculator parsing text strings and processing equations..

What have you done lately?

Reminded myself that strings are not numbers.

You should try this sometime. It might help you understand why you're wrong this once, whatever your strengths may otherwise be (accepted you made an oopsie obviously isn't one of them). The fastest sorting algorithm will throw a wrong result fast when your function expects numbers and is fed strings.

And do I really have to remind you who started with the ad hominems? Does "Do me a favor, if you do any computaional work on a building, bridge, or jet let me know so I can avoid them..." sound like something you may have typed?

The ad homs started with a FUCK or two and personal attack on me. Water off a ducks back..

I am far from infallible. I made mistakes over the course of the debate. The usual problem solving process.

The mutually exclusive claim that an infinite decimal can equate to a finite number is impossible to reconcile. The geometric series formula itself is derived by taking a limit to infinity, it is not exact.

n/10/[1 - 1/10] as n-> 9 the function goes to 1/1. That is what I am saying. The fact that the last possible decimal is 0.999.. means the only solution is 1/1, it does not mean 0.999.. has a finite value any more than 0.333.. does.


.111... 1/9
2/9
3/9
4/9
5/9
6/9
7/9
8/9
9/9

See the pattern? The fact that 0.999... results in unity has no more significance than 0.333... Using the same formula the two results are to be taken differently? 1/3 yields 0.333... not finite, but 1/1 is unity but we take that as meaning 0.999.. = a finite 1? I do not. That is the end of my argument. Refuted my reasoning.

If this were a situation that I had to resolve I'd head over to the University Of Washington and find an mathematician. I have talked to UW profs in the past on some problems.
 

Already looked at it, does not affect my arguments. You are assuming when you see 0.999... = 1 via geometric series on the web it infers a finite 1. and not 1/1 as a fractional approximation. Googling is not a substitute for reasoning.
If its an aporoximation then you should be able to say how big the error is.
I know that this error = 0.
Can you show that it must be > 0? As you claim?
 
AT ANY PRESENT MOMENT ALL the events in the past have completed.

NO more events in the past will take place AT THAT PRESENT MOMENT.

No more events can take place in the past at a present moment.

They are ALL completed.

They could not have been infinite.

Time in the past could not have been infinite.

This still doesn't relate to what I said. You are still making up stuff that nobody has claimed and calling it absurd. You appear to be arguing with yourself.

Address my arguments or move along.
 
You're not telling me anything I haven't known for around b100000 years. Yes they are distinct entities, but both are finite rational numbers.

Then why are you talking about performing arbitrary operations to 9/1 in a discussion of 1/9 as if there is any relationship?

You have a bunch of rounding tricks and nothing else.

1/9 has no final value.

Of course it does. 0.04 in base 6, or 0.14 in base 12. The fact that it is not possible to express this value without somehow marking recursion in base 10 is a bug of base 10 notation, nothing more, nothing less. Definitely not a property of the number itself

1/9 is an operation. Not a number. You confuse operations with numbers.

And the operation never reaches a final value.

There is no final value to 1/9.

It cannot be changed to some other base and retain all it's features. It a specific entity not any other entity.

You want to change it or perform rounding operations to it.

That is all you are doing.

Do you even know what "rounding" means?

Yes.

Rounding occurs when you pretend an infinite operation has completed.

Like when you pretend there is a final value to 9 * 0.1111...

That operation never finishes.

When you claim it does and by magic it somehow reaches 0.999... you have rounded off.

You have been taught to deal with infinities by pretending they are not there or by pretending they can complete. So you never see the irrationality in how you deal with them.

Do you understand that the decimal system is not the numbers

I am not talking about the decimal system.

I am talking about a specific entity. 0.999....

As defined it has no final value. There is no last 9.
 
HeeHee. I have run with some of the best in my generation. Your attack is a bit feeble. Most electrical engineers involved in electronic design out of necessity become applied mathematicians. I worked on an IC that did analog computation in the control of an RGB laser video projector. Analog solutions to differential equations. There wasn't enough room on the chip to instantiate a processor core. The group spoke calculus.

As Homs are the last resort of incapable.

If you can not follow my reasoning that is not my problem. Perhaps you do not have the experience and depth.

Sorting and searching? You mean like hashing, bubble sort, and halving algorithms? Knuth's text Seminumerical Algorithms was part of my library. Parsing strings? For fun I wrote n RPN calculator parsing text strings and processing equations..

What have you done lately?

Reminded myself that strings are not numbers.

You should try this sometime. It might help you understand why you're wrong this once, whatever your strengths may otherwise be (accepted you made an oopsie obviously isn't one of them). The fastest sorting algorithm will throw a wrong result fast when your function expects numbers and is fed strings.

And do I really have to remind you who started with the ad hominems? Does "Do me a favor, if you do any computaional work on a building, bridge, or jet let me know so I can avoid them..." sound like something you may have typed?

The ad homs started with a FUCK or two and personal attack on me. Water off a ducks back..

You mean when I wrote "What are you, a javascript programmer?" in on page 35?
I am far from infallible. I made mistakes over the course of the debate. The usual problem solving process.

The only right course of action at this point is to admit those mistakes and move on, even if they make your entire argument ctrumble.

The mutually exclusive claim that an infinite decimal can equate to a finite number is impossible to reconcile.

Wrong. The decimal is a composite label in a specific language - the language of decimal notation. The properties of the labels are not required to map in any trivial way to the properties of the entities they refer to. Saying they are is not unlike claiming that the English sentences "We both know all each other's thoughts" and "I know everything about what you think and you know everything about what I think" cannot be equivalent because one is longer, or because one contains coordination ("and") and a couple of embedded clauses while the other is a single clause sentence.

In linguistics as in mathematics, you need to look at the semantics of the atoms of meanings in a clause and the syntax used to combine them to determine a clause's meaningth. In order demonstrate that two clauses differ in meaning, you need to find a scenario where they're not interchangeable. The sentences "I saw you leave" and "I saw that you left", while similar in meaning, are not interchangeable because there are situations in which one is TRUE and the other is FALSE: If I see indirect evidence that you left, e. g. the front door is doubly locked and your jacket is not in its usual place, I might say the latter but not the former.* When we apply the same logic to the first pair of sentences, the ones about knowing your thoughts and knowing what you think, we fail to find such a situation: The two sentences reflexively imply each other, the other has to be true too. They form an equivalence class.

The same holds for 0.999...., 1.000 and 1: In any operation using 0.999..., and that does not itself terminate in an expression with a recurring "9" at the end (in which case we still don't know whether they're the same) it can be replaced with 1.0 without changing the result. (0.999... + 0.999...) - 0.999... = 1.0, just like (0.999... + 0.999...) - 1.0 = 1.0 and just like (1.0 + 1.0) - 1.0 = 1.0

Incidentally, 1.0 is also an infinitely recurring decimal: 1.(0). The fact that we allow ourselves to drop recurring 0s but not recurring 9s from the representation is a mere convention -- and one that actually opens the door to ambiguities in the real world: When we don't know whether we're dealing with precise or rounded values, 1.0 is ambiguous between "exactly one" and "an unspecified value to be rounded to 1 at a precision of one digit after the point".
0.(9) carries no such ambiguity - it always is "exactly one".

By skipping the step of equivalence testing and declaring that two different labels must refer to two different things, you're literally mistaking the map for the countryside.

The geometric series formula itself is derived by taking a limit to infinity, it is not exact.

Yes, it is.

n/10/[1 - 1/10] as n-> 9 the function goes to 1/1. That is what I am saying. The fact that the last possible decimal is 0.999.. means the only solution is 1/1, it does not mean 0.999.. has a finite value any more than 0.333.. does.

Both do have a finite value. I hate repeating myself, but the fact that the value of 0.(3) cannot be expressed in a fully explicit finite string in base 10 is a well-known bug of base 10, not a property of the number. The same number in base 12 is 0.4 exactly. Claiming that the number "doesn't have a finite value" is like saying that Russian uses an awful lot of digits in their words because you used the wrong decoding for the Cyrillic script and get the like of '\u0416' in your output.

.111... 1/9
2/9
3/9
4/9
5/9
6/9
7/9
8/9
9/9

See the pattern? The fact that 0.999... results in unity has no more significance than 0.333... Using the same formula the two results are to be taken differently? 1/3 yields 0.333... not finite, but 1/1 is unity but we take that as meaning 0.999.. = a finite 1? I do not. That is the end of my argument. Refuted my reasoning.

There's no argument. You're confusing the label with what it refers to. In duodecimal notation (base 12), the results of the exact same series of divisions is exactly:

1/9 = 0.14
1/9 = 0.28
3/9 = 1/3 = 0.4
4/9 = 0.54
5/9 = 0.68
6/9 = 2/3 = 0.8
7/9 = 0.94
8/9 = 0.A8
9/9 = 1/1 = 1

Tell me again how the numbers (not the labels we use in decimal as a workaround for the fact that decimal is ill-suited to deal with fraction of 3n) are infinite?

If this were a situation that I had to resolve I'd head over to the University Of Washington and find an mathematician. I have talked to UW profs in the past on some problems.

Take care not to be blacklisted as "that annoying woo peddler" when you come to them with things you should have learned before you learned to drive.

*) I'm not actually 100% whether this inequality holds for the English sentences. It does for their German equivalents. If I'm falsely generalising here, feel free to come up with an alternative pair of similar-but-not-identical meanings.

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Already looked at it, does not affect my arguments. You are assuming when you see 0.999... = 1 via geometric series on the web it infers a finite 1. and not 1/1 as a fractional approximation. Googling is not a substitute for reasoning.

Are you now saying that 1.0 and 1/1 are two different numbers too?
 
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