So it's been asked here and within philosophy generally, what would qualify as convincing evidence of God to a skeptic not ideologically inclined to believe?
I thought of something that would be rather compelling. Suppose one day every person on the planet simultaneously saw the face and heard the voice of God in the sky. That voice simultaneously declared to every human some personal fact unknown to anyone but that person, then also told them some personal fact unknown to anyone about a total stranger they never met along with that person's contact information so they could verify it. It wouldn't be surprising to for those who already believe to claim both facts they were told are accurate. But this would mean that every non-believing human would also verify their unique facts, which means many millions of people worldwide. While mass hallucinations can occur, they do so b/c all the people are within a particular shared context and frame of mind. That would be impossible for everyone on the planet at the same moment. I can't think of any possible explanation that wouldn't entail some form of supernatural, either God or at least some moment of unified psychic type consciousness.
Would you find this convincing? If not, what alternative explanation could you give?
Lacking an alternate explanation is not proof of anything. If you look back at history, you will find many things for which people lacked an alternate explanation and assumed God, such as volcanoes. We now know that there is a better explanation.
'Evidence of God' consists of a number of steps. One must
define what God is. We cannot search, logically or scientifically, if we do not know what we are searching for because we cannot demonstrate that it has been found. A search requires search criteria. And, based on the various schisms and denominations, we know that there is no clear consensus for what is God. If we assumed we could select one of the many versions of The Bible for criteria, it's HUGE. And, if any of it remains unproven, we could then argue we did not find God, or that even though something sort of like
the Biblical God exists, it's not the god of the bible. So, that search would be doomed to failure because it's unlikely we could reach 100% certainty of every detail of the Bible - particularly since a rational person knows it's not a rational story - immaculate conception, two of every gazillion species loaded onto a boat, the pillar of salt, etc and so it would be impossible for these things to be proven. It's exactly why Christians call them miracles, and insist that in order to believe them one must have 'faith'.
Even if we reduced our search to some primary characteristics, each would require its own 'proof'. The Creator. The Omniscient. The Omnipotent. The Source of Morality. The Geography (Heaven, Hell, Purgatory). Let's start with The Creator. If you proved some entity created man, you still haven't proved that entity is a god, unless your definition of god is that all creators of man are god. Then you must stop to consider whether that makes every childbearing woman a god, and the complexities of whether sperm donation counts as 'creation'. You must also ask yourself if, when man clones a human being, does that make that man a god.
Then, we might move on to The Omnipotent. In order to prove omnipotence, you need to have some demonstration of it. It's unlikely that we will achieve that. The only way to move forward is sophistry, trying to argue that various random events around us are demonstrations of 'omnipotence' without any proof. But - omnipotence implies a god is worshipped not because it is worthy, but because we have no choice. It has the power to make us worship it. And, since some people don't worship it, then it must only choose certain people to worship it, and they are given no choice. It also suggests that it occasionally decides to release some people. This brings up the issue of predetermination. And, that's the end of the argument. We are going to believe what the omnipotent god forces us to believe, and do what the omnipotent god forces us to do. Or - we move on to deciding that the god has the power of omnipotence but doesn't choose to use it on us. In which case, how is omnipotence relevant, and how are you going to prove such power exists in the first place?
And, so it goes. Every one of of the major characteristics is going to lead us down a rabbit hole, and when we are done, we still have nothing to tell us what relevance any of those characteristics has to the supposed God, whether he must have only one of them, or all of them.
Assuming that you could define what it is that you are searching for, and that you can actually find that entity and prove it exists, there remains one more issue. If you present this entity to a person, that person must accept an entity as a god, choose to deify that entity and choose to accept a general deity as his own personal god. There are a great many posited deities, and people do choose different ones. Egyptians worshipped cats as gods. Once you find a cat, and prove the cat exists, you still just have a cat. You don't have a god. You didn't prove god exists to everyone in the world by finding a cat. In order for that cat to be any person's god, the person must
agree to deify the cat, and
classify it as 'a' god, and then
as '
his own' god. These are choices. You cannot prove a choice. The idea of 'proving God' is the idea that one can come up with some argument that is so overwhelming that people are forced, that they have no choice, but to deify that entity and then accept it as their personal god. Let's get real. You can't even get every person on and off the planet to even admit that they, themselves, exist! People always have a choice and some of us are contrarian by nature. So, the only way to prove god is to eliminate free will and simply make them all agree on one conclusion at one time. If you have the power to give them visions and insert choices in their heads, you likely have the power to just control the choice. Why all the theatrics? If The Omnipotent God existed, then he, alone, could force every person in existence to simultaneously believe he existed, believe he was a deity and accept him as their personal deity. Why hasn't he done that? Even if he did, then you would have a zombie army of God worshippers who were not convinced but rather forced to accept The Omnipotent God as their own personal God. That entity could be Hitler, a cat, or whatever, but I'm not sure that counts as 'evidence'. There are no rational steps involved, just 'God' (or Hitler or a cat) waving a hand and making it so. And, the fact he can compel you does not mean he is the Moral God, only the omnipotent god. So, you are just a zombie under the control of god which may or may not be moral. It's not clear why you went to all the effort to prove God and how this understanding that you are a zombie whose fate is ruled by the arbitrary decisions of The Omnipotent God is going to in any way improve your life.
You cannot prove God definitively while Free Will exists.