Derec, I have a serious question for you. Do YOU personally consider abortion to be murder? Don't hide behind a conditional. I just want your personal opinion.
No, but I do think there should be restrictions in later pregnancy. And I am not hiding behind the conditionals, I am posing legitimate scenarios. For example, if all abortion is banned, why should the doctor be the only one prosecuted for a crime?
But all abortion is not banned, and Roe v Wade took the position that the government had no legitimate interest in the embryo/fetus until the third trimester, which is late pregnancy. There have been a large variety of opinions on the matter over centuries of debate, although the opinions that have counted have always been in the heads of those who could never actually become pregnant.
When does a pregnancy create a bona fide "person"?
That's the big question, isn't it? I do not think it can ever be adequately answered scientifically, but legally there must be some cutoff, or several. Since the process is continuous, a better approximation is to have more than one cutoff rather than a single one (like conception as pro-lifers want or birth as pro-choicers want). We can all define "murder" in different ways, as our individual moral codes instruct us. However, there is a legal definition that is the only one available to the government to enforce. It is a definition that depends on the existence of some clear sense in which the act affects the common welfare.
It's like with growing up. That is a continuous process and a 17 years and 364 days old human is not significantly different than the same human at 18 years and 0 days but legally there is a difference. A sane legal system puts several cutoffs in because it is insane to treat a baby legally the same as a 17 year old just because they are both minors. Same should be the case with pregnancy. A zygote is not the same as a third trimester fetus, (no matter how much both extreme sides rant that they are) and they should not be treated the same legally.
I think that you are approaching this from the wrong angle, because you are mixing up legal with moral issues. You should read the opinions that SCOTUS justices handed down in the
Roe v Wade case, if you haven't already. They examined these very issues and linked the state's interest in abortion to the Due Process clause of the 14th amendment. That is, they said that there was no interest until at least the third trimester. Historically, that period was when what used to be called "quickening" took place in the pregnancy, and past generations (before modern medicine) tended to agree that that was when personhood began to be defined. Viability outside of the womb has always been a strong consideration.
Basically, a secular government needs to have a civil rationale for defining what a "person" is, and that turns out to be when the individual becomes legally recognized. So governments usually do not bother with birth certificates or death certificates for miscarriages, nor do parents usually assign names until birth. Fetuses have no civil rights, because they cannot exercise those rights in any meaningful way. IOW, there is no way in which the early termination of a pregnancy actually causes harm to the government or the citizens of that government who are not part of the related family of the pregnant woman or the woman herself. Governments that force women to bring pregnancies to term do not make special provisions to provide for the care and welfare of the offspring. So the government--your elected representatives--have no standing in the pregnancy and no right to determine its outcome. That is actually how the law has been applied in our society.
Contrast that with the killing of babies, children, and adults, all of whom have civil protections and rights under law. Personhood is a legal status in the eyes of the government. Individuals, of course, can have different usage for that term, but that is something that they have to deal with outside of the legal system. Women who do not want abortions should not be forced to have them, unless it can be shown that the government has some compelling reason to force the termination of the pregnancy. Similarly, women who do not want pregnancies, for whatever reason, should not be forced to maintain them, unless it can be shown that the government has some compelling reason to force the pregnancy to term.