Bomb#20
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That's not benefit of the doubt. Benefit of the doubt is about fairness, not about about predictive accuracy. The vast majority of left-wingers are tribalistic intellectually dishonest authoritarian religious kooks; but if all you know about someone is she's a left-winger, assuming she's a tribalistic intellectually dishonest authoritarian religious kook merely because it's statistically probable is unfair to the minority who aren't. It's the same reason each defendant is supposed to be presumed innocent until proven guilty even though most defendants are guilty.... whenever a moderate Islamic citizen is described by a westerner as "moderate", we should be prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt and recognize, barring contrary evidence, that he might well be one of the ones who are moderate relative to western culture, even when the westerner who called him "moderate" has a proven track record of using the word "moderate" to describe moderate Islamic citizens whose moderation is only relative to terrorists.
The vast majority of citizens in Islamic countries who are "moderate" relative to acting terrorists are still extremists relative to western culture. They are far closer to the most extreme Christian fundamentalists who are a minority in the US. Thus, the benefit of the doubt should go to the statistically most probable situation, which is that "moderate islamic citizen" is still an extremist in many critical ways relative to western culture.
I don't know how one would collect evidence for that hypothesis; and whether it's true no doubt depends on which elements of the faith you define as "core". But I suspect you are seriously underestimating the power of the human mind to compartmentalize. As far as I can tell, most of the people in the west who identify culturally as Christians and are on board with democracy, civil rights, and personal liberty still believe there's a God who sent Jesus to die for our sins. Likewise, I'd bet on most of the people in the west who identify culturally as Muslims and are on board with democracy, civil rights, and personal liberty still believing there's no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet. That all such people need to choose not to make inferences from half the stuff their respective preachers and scriptures tell them is neither here nor there. When it's emotionally comfortable to believe contradictions, people believe contradictions.Most of the people in Islamic countries that are "moderate" relative to western culture are not actually adherents or believers in Islam, much like "moderate Christians" in the west are mostly "Christian" in name only rather than in actually believing the core elements of the faith.
So which of the tenets of Christianity and Islam do you consider core tenets?The English language appears to be in need of a new adjective that has not yet followed "moderate" onto the ambiguity treadmill.
I think the bigger problem is that we need to recognize that relative to modern western thought and values, all Abrahamic religions are extremist in their core defining values and assumptions.
Any person who sincerely believes in the tenets of such religions is an extremist relative to the modern west. Islam is not more extreme than Christianity, but rather far more people label as "Christian" without accepting its core tenets than is true of Islam, due to Christians living in the context of post-Enlightenment secularism.
Yes, in the media "moderate" appears to be commonly applied to Christians and Muslims according to a double standard; but I don't think it's because of different ways of comparing them either with modernism or with Abrahamic religion. I think reporters and public officials are simply grading people on the curve. The double standard arises automatically and unconsciously, due to the different statistical distribution of mentalities among the respective populations individuals are being compared with.Thus, a "moderate Christian" is likely not even Christian and thus moderate relative to modernism. In contrast, a "moderate Muslim" is likely still a sincere believer in the extremist tenets of Islam similar to the most extreme Christians in the US, but they just don't agree with the terrorist methods of violence used by some within their religion.
Hence the need for a word that has not yet lost its meaning. Perhaps we should be speaking of tolerant Christians and tolerant Muslims instead of moderate ones. Of course if that becomes the common practice, then it will only be a matter of time until western countries' talking heads start describing the Muslims who want people jailed for drawing Muhammad cartoons instead of murdered as "tolerant" Muslims. But at least for a while we could retain a common standard for tolerance.We need to realize that ideological extremism is distinct from use of terrorist military/political methods and not think that just because a person doesn't endorse such methods that they are "moderate" in their ideology.