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I built plants in Venezuela and didn't find their environmental laws to be less strict than ours, in fact I believe that we were given a choice of the laws and regulations that we followed, the US or the European ones. I can't say that one is stricter than the other. Since we were a German company we built the plant according to European standards. However, the local market was according to US building codes so we had a few problems but nothing that was insurmountable.
May I ask when you were working in Venezuela? From what you say it seems more an issue of company rules rather than Venezuelan law, and with increasing isolation under Chavez I doubt they much care about following "Yanqui" or European rules any longer.
Personally I last worked in Venezuela in the 1970's, in a cement plant in Carabobo. But I bid projects there up until relations between the US and Venezuela soured after the Bush administration interfered in the presidential election in Venezuela in the 2000's. Then any potential work there was handled by my company from our main office in Germany, as they handle any work in Cuba, for example. It is possible that the requirements for following US or European environmental standards were a requirement of the companies involved.
But why do you think that Venezuela wouldn't impose environmental standards? They are imposed for the benefit of the people of the country. I have built plants all over the world including in the PRC and North Korea. I don't recall anywhere that didn't impose environmental standards along the lines that I said, except that the Asian countries tended to select the US standards or the Japanese ones.
I will admit that overall the US standards are the strictest but it is only by a small margin and the gap between the US and the Europeans and the Japanese is closing. We tended to supply equipment capable of meeting the US standards because we source out of the US and it is not worth the effort to re-engineer to to meet the lower the lower standards.
I have a friend here who is Venezuelan and who use to work for the nationalized oil company. I will ask him. In our position if the specifications said to follow certain standards we had no choice but to do it. It is possible that companies inside Venezuela get by routinely with violating the environmental standards.
Venezuela is isolated from the US but not the rest of the world. Their main problem isn't isolation but a difficulty suppliers have getting paid! Vendors are reluctant to supply equipment when they aren't paid for it. The Venezuelans blame it on currency restrictions but we suspect that this is only an excuse to not pay. The currency controls are aimed at preventing capital flight. We had to insist on a letter of credit from a US or European bank, which is not an ironclad guarantee of payment, or even prepayment.
I don't know if you have heard, Chavez is dead.
But I believe that the pipeline should be built. As you point out repeatedly the alternative, unit trains, is much riskier and less energy efficient.
Exactly what I've been saying!
But I wouldn't be surprised if the pipeline if approved was never built.
I would be.
The rational for the southern leg of the pipeline was to raise the price of oil, not to lower it. There was a glut of oil at the Cushing Junction in Oklahoma. The oil was stuck there, it couldn't go onto the world market and the price of the oil there was lower than world prices. The Southern leg was intended to solve the problem of the lower prices in Oklahoma by allowing crude oil to be pumped to the gulf coast of Texas where they could get the world price.
I do not think this is a fair way to put this. If price in a region is artificially lower than elsewhere because some pipelines terminate there but there is no efficient way to move it from there, then it is logical to expand outbound capacity. Saying that the objective is to increase the price of oil makes it sound malicious (and that's exactly the way Keystone opponents have been misconstruing it).
I know that they misconstrue a lot, but we are all friends here, right? And it is the truth that corporations are interested in higher prices, not lower ones. Since they reversed the pipeline the prices paid at the junction have risen to the world prices. Along with gasoline prices in the midwest of the US. Without a drop of oil being pumped to Baytown or Texas City.
Oil from tar sand is a risky proposition. I have seen estimates from 60 to 100 dollars per barrel for the break even point for the oil.
I don't think there is a chance of oil dipping significantly below 100 USD/bbl anytime soon. And of course, 60-100 is quite a spread and cost will tend to go down with improvements in technology and gains in experience.
I agree with that, but more importantly the Canadian company, TransCanadian or something like that, agrees with it. I am not recommending that you buy stock in the company. At the current price of oil their profit margin is low. The Saudis cost of bringing in oil is only about $3 a barrel, a company with costs of $60 to $100 a barrel is exposed to high risk from new discoveries or advancements in recovery technology.