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Objective/Subjective

In regards to morality, which seeks the best good and least harm for everyone, to the degree that benefits and harms can be objectively measured, morality is objective.
I'm not sure about this (sounds like Sam Harris).

What we consider to be a harm or benefit is a value judgement so not objective.

I've avoided reading Sam Harris due to his book on Free Will.

Harm and benefit can often be matters of scientific objectivity. For example, we can consult a biologist to get an objective evaluation of what things are likely to actually harm or benefit a given shrub.
 
Harm and benefit can often be matters of scientific objectivity. For example, we can consult a biologist to get an objective evaluation of what things are likely to actually harm or benefit a given shrub.

So by harm/benefit you mean something like discourage/encourage healthy growth. I don't think human health is universally thought of as a moral issue (it can lead to the demonization of lifestyle choices).

I've avoided reading Sam Harris due to his book on Free Will.

The approach you're taking here is very similar to that taken by Sam Harris in  The Moral Landscape.
 
In regards to morality, which seeks the best good and least harm for everyone, to the degree that benefits and harms can be objectively measured, morality is objective.
I'm not sure about this (sounds like Sam Harris).

What we consider to be a harm or benefit is a value judgement so not objective.

I've avoided reading Sam Harris due to his book on Free Will.

Harm and benefit can often be matters of scientific objectivity. For example, we can consult a biologist to get an objective evaluation of what things are likely to actually harm or benefit a given shrub.
But, in that instance, that still leaves the subjective evaluation of whether the harm or benefit would be "good" or "bad". If the shrub is wanted then harming it would be "bad" and benefitting it would be "good". If the shrub is not wanted then harming it would be "good" and benefitting it would be "bad".
 
I've avoided reading Sam Harris due to his book on Free Will.

Harm and benefit can often be matters of scientific objectivity. For example, we can consult a biologist to get an objective evaluation of what things are likely to actually harm or benefit a given shrub.
But, in that instance, that still leaves the subjective evaluation of whether the harm or benefit would be "good" or "bad". If the shrub is wanted then harming it would be "bad" and benefitting it would be "good". If the shrub is not wanted then harming it would be "good" and benefitting it would be "bad".

I believe Marvin means benefit to the shrub, not to whomever wants or doesn't want it.

?
 
I've avoided reading Sam Harris due to his book on Free Will.

Harm and benefit can often be matters of scientific objectivity. For example, we can consult a biologist to get an objective evaluation of what things are likely to actually harm or benefit a given shrub.
But, in that instance, that still leaves the subjective evaluation of whether the harm or benefit would be "good" or "bad". If the shrub is wanted then harming it would be "bad" and benefitting it would be "good". If the shrub is not wanted then harming it would be "good" and benefitting it would be "bad".

I believe Marvin means benefit to the shrub, not to whomever wants or doesn't want it.

?

Correct. Morality is species specific. What is good for the lion is bad for the antelope. For any given species, we have scientists who study them, and can provide objective statements as to what is good or bad for them.
 
The joke can be funny to some, while not being funny to others; It need not be only one or the other.
That might be true of YOUR lame-ass jokes, but not of Mrs.E’s made-up joke, which is guaranteed funny:

“A guy walks into a bar, and says something really funny.”
 
steve_bank resurrected this thread after I posted this:
unless you invoke mind as separate form body, mind body duality, it comes down to how the brain works. To me that apples to the OP question of free will vs determinism.
I think it applies to the duality perspective as well. After all, even dualists develop. Duality or not, the brain develops. Duality or not, the ability to think develops. Maybe not very much in some cases, but on this matter it is better to be generous. I regard the free will vs. determinism topic first and foremost as a very good context for analyzing experience and thought processes as well as how thinking can be affected and effected by the thinking subject. Whether determinism is fact or not is a side issue which I assume to be an undecidable matter. But I do know that any philosophical thinking (as distinct from a devotion) which imagines as its foundation a science as something other than a human enterprise imbued with judgments is an immature sort of philosophical thinking, lacking adequate imagination and thereby leading to insufficient critical introspection.

Now, to add to that, let me refer to something bilby said years ago:
Objective is synonymous with observer independence; Subjective with observer dependence.
I think objective is well regarded/approached in terms of invariance or invariants. Invariance is detected usually via abstraction from the expressions of multiple subjective perspectives or even from the expressive perspectives of multiple subjects.
 
Simply put to me being objective means to look at facts instead of opinions. Puttying asi8de personal bias.

An example is Peacegirl's insistence that her book represents objective truth not subjective personal op0inion. That science contradicts the clams is irrelevant.

Abstractions are subjective. Mind body duality assumes mind is independent of body and not subject to biological states. Mind as a disembodied entity completely independent of anything else..

Those that dwell in that reality are having an associated subjective experience.

Note that I am grounded in science not philosophy, so I tend to look at issues from a physical science perspective. That is my bias I suppose.
 
steve_bank resurrected this thread after I posted this:
unless you invoke mind as separate form body, mind body duality, it comes down to how the brain works. To me that apples to the OP question of free will vs determinism.
I think it applies to the duality perspective as well. After all, even dualists develop. Duality or not, the brain develops. Duality or not, the ability to think develops. Maybe not very much in some cases, but on this matter it is better to be generous. I regard the free will vs. determinism topic first and foremost as a very good context for analyzing experience and thought processes as well as how thinking can be affected and effected by the thinking subject. Whether determinism is fact or not is a side issue which I assume to be an undecidable matter. But I do know that any philosophical thinking (as distinct from a devotion) which imagines as its foundation a science as something other than a human enterprise imbued with judgments is an immature sort of philosophical thinking, lacking adequate imagination and thereby leading to insufficient critical introspection.

Now, to add to that, let me refer to something bilby said years ago:
Objective is synonymous with observer independence; Subjective with observer dependence.
I think objective is well regarded/approached in terms of invariance or invariants. Invariance is detected usually via abstraction from the expressions of multiple subjective perspectives or even from the expressive perspectives of multiple subjects.
Quite.

I will note that relativity forces us into a position where we can't exist but as subjective observers. I find this whole language interesting because it discusses a certain form of duality, of some thing that is there, but that it is also like something to be that thing, something not experienced at the location of the observer except through those abstractions.

This is why I was discussing systemic internality in the other thread: the subjective is in many cases bound to "the present context and model of the machine".

If I was expected to say "use your intuition to try to spot Subjective Experience in a Large Language Model", I would point to it's context, with it's tokenizer. While there are many subjective experiences had in the interim, the context itself represents a momentary totality of that experience.

If I really wanted to torture myself, I could make such a system that core-dumps it's complete state, and then I wouldn't even need to halt it in that moment, granted the nature of that moment of its experiences are much more difficult to quantify (or to store), and also model-dependent in a way the "context" is not. I actually did torture myself to do this with the B787 environment. That's why I can know it's possible, albeit difficult.

The interesting part is that we can objectively observe that subjective experience happening, which implies that for every subjective experience there may well be some particular class of event happening there in an entirely objective if arbitrary way, and even if the "way" is rather abstract (such as 'computational equivalence' despite operational time differences).

Systems like the ones we build can operate in really dumb ways if we program them dumbly, and there are infinite ways to do that, in far greater proportion as we count than ways to program well, for whatever problem you choose.

Sometimes its really more a matter of "how dumbly we program", because there's no way we know of to do it any better way.

But like the computer's configuration, neurons can be arranged rather arbitrarily, or re-arranged, or die off in particular patterns that are less useful than others. They are subject to whatever arbitrary logic their configuration organizes to create. They get one view (or set of views), and it's not even guaranteed to be right or even mostly sane.

Subjectivity is built into the "beliefs" of such systems, the biases and functional parameters and settings which bind their inputs to their outputs, or which act as primal inputs speaking things regularly to things which will interpret what they say in some uniform way.

Subjectivity is in the experience of some thought droning in your head "you are a ____", something near the core of your "identity" making a claim about you that you cannot ignore.

These things are, much like the drone pipes on a bagpipe, still objects in their own right. It is objectively true that someone has such a subjective experience. It is more that it is the product of some manner of arbitrariness. It is entirely arbitrary, owing to the order the neurons are placed in, whether they say "you are a good person" or "you aren't a good person, and if you think that you are you will assuredly grow to not be," or "you are not, and you will never be because you don't really want to be, anyway".

This might, however, come from some set of objective facts, some manner of logic, and then it moves from subjective observation, to something invariant upon some application of logic.

Then, there is also this topic of "subjects of discussion", which heavily relates. Indeed, you can say "the subject of this sentence is objectively experiencing what they subjectively frame as 'just fine, thank you', via the satisfaction of the finenness heuristic right at the <err_location_not_known>."

I don't agree that abstractions are "subjective", however. I think they are "physically derivative" or perhaps "derived laws of physics".

While it is an abstraction to think of what a "bear trap" "could" do, it is objectively true, invariant, that when certain forces i
Within some range interact with any "bear trap" object, the "bear trap" will "close".

That is simple physics, which while an abstraction, provides invariant statements. Also, I think it's about time for another bong rip.
 
Simply put to me being objective means to look at facts instead of opinions. Puttying asi8de personal bias.
I once saw a high school biology textbook which stated that a fact was something about which most people agreed. At first, I was aghast. But, then, after thinking about it, I appreciated that practically speaking that is what many invoked facts often are. Many facts are inherited. Those are, for instance, the facts which we are taught. Taught facts seem more immediately objective because, after all, they do not originate from our own subjective thinking.

Whatever we regard as a fact, whatever we accept as a fact, we in effect judge to be a fact.

In order to minimize bias in the subjective act of judging, we first determine the context in which and from which the fact at hand obtains. A context can be regarded as constituted by multiple perspectives. That is to say there are multiple viewpoints available from which to consider the context. A context also indicates limits, and limits can often be regarded in terms of variables or possibilities, even including assumptions. We seek to control for bias by controlling for variables and apprehending which possibilities and assumptions are operative within that which we judge to be a fact. A fact can even be a range of possibilities. Assuming that the above expressions communicate at all adequately, I think they can be appreciated as applying to science as well as philosophy - as should be expected.

Abstractions are subjective.
Sure, to the extent that they are the products of human thinking, but some abstractions are more trans-perspectival than others, and, therefore, they are products which have reduced bias.

Mind body duality assumes mind is independent of body and not subject to biological states. Mind as a disembodied entity completely independent of anything else.
Well, okay. In that case, the matter regards how the mind is to be made manifest in physical reality, and that involves how the brain as well as thinking develop and how thinking can be affected and effected by the thinking subject. There might be dualists who simply deny reality to the physical - well, that couldn't be, because then there would be no duo; I guess they would be pure idealists - regardless, we tell them they might be right, and we wish them well as we say good-bye to them as interlocutors.
 
A fact is something that's true regardless of what anyone believes.
1. In that case, a fact is a truth. Fine. Not a problem.

2. However, if there is a fact, if there is a truth even if there is no one to believe or think it, where are these facts/truths? Are they non-physical things?

3. On the other hand, if a truth is a statement or some other sort of expression, then: No minds; no truths; no facts.

4. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, then truths/facts occur as instantiations within or as products of minds.

5. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, and if minds are necessarily physical, then truths/facts can be said to occur/instantiate physically.

Statement #4 is trans-perspectival. For instance, it holds if God is, and it holds if God (as non-physical) is not so long as there is at least one physical, non-God mind. Statement #5 holds for naturalism/materialism/physicalism whereas statement #2 does not in that statement #2 holds only if there is a non-physical realm of some sort.
 
Popper addressed how science becomes accepted as a fact. Paraphrasing as I remember it, it is a subjective complex social process. initially Einstein's relativity was rejected, too far out. He made his

It took decades for relativity to be accepted as a valid set of theories.

It6end to look at scientific facts as models that work win stated boundaries. Newtonian economics once consider absolute truth was superseded by quantum and relativistic thery.

Newtonian mechanics is still widely used, it doesn't work for very fast and very small objects.

Free will is about subjective experience. The extreme Libertarians believe they live in a reality unconnected to anything else, complete independence. It gives a subjective sense of power and control.
 
A fact is something that's true regardless of what anyone believes.
1. In that case, a fact is a truth. Fine. Not a problem.

2. However, if there is a fact, if there is a truth even if there is no one to believe or think it, where are these facts/truths? Are they non-physical things?

3. On the other hand, if a truth is a statement or some other sort of expression, then: No minds; no truths; no facts.

4. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, then truths/facts occur as instantiations within or as products of minds.

5. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, and if minds are necessarily physical, then truths/facts can be said to occur/instantiate physically.

Statement #4 is trans-perspectival. For instance, it holds if God is, and it holds if God (as non-physical) is not so long as there is at least one physical, non-God mind. Statement #5 holds for naturalism/materialism/physicalism whereas statement #2 does not in that statement #2 holds only if there is a non-physical realm of some sort.

Did the universe not exist before we evolved, before any form of mind? If so, that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about it to exist and evolve according to its own inherent properties.
 
Popper addressed how science becomes accepted as a fact. Paraphrasing as I remember it, it is a subjective complex social process. initially Einstein's relativity was rejected, too far out. He made his

It took decades for relativity to be accepted as a valid set of theories.

It6end to look at scientific facts as models that work win stated boundaries. Newtonian economics once consider absolute truth was superseded by quantum and relativistic thery.

Newtonian mechanics is still widely used, it doesn't work for very fast and very small objects.

Free will is about subjective experience. The extreme Libertarians believe they live in a reality unconnected to anything else, complete independence. It gives a subjective sense of power and control.
Yes, there is a sociology of science. And surprise, surprise! It's essentially just like the sociologies for other human collectives. How could it be otherwise? Well, at least it should be expected to be as it is. After all, there is a sort of inertia even with regards to an individual's own manner of thinking. Changes in the way an individual thinks do not occur instantaneously upon being exposed to a new viewpoint no matter how truth-filled that new viewpoint is. There are different processes for thought alteration and adoption, but they occur over time. Also rather reflexive in the face of an unexpected new viewpoint is a sort of conservatism which is effectively a sort of preservationism. So, yeah, the sciences are bounded by human characteristics. And the sciences are in no way diminished because of that, and it in no way detracts from scientific accomplishments. Actually, maybe the human-boundedness makes the accomplishments all the more remarkable: the accomplishments were accomplished despite the humans being human. Could look at it that way.

With regards to those "extreme Libertarians", well, they might some day become less simplistic.

And with regards to "free will", the experience of there being actual indeterminateness is certainly subjective. But it is not to be ignored or discounted for being subjective.
 
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A fact is something that's true regardless of what anyone believes.
1. In that case, a fact is a truth. Fine. Not a problem.

2. However, if there is a fact, if there is a truth even if there is no one to believe or think it, where are these facts/truths? Are they non-physical things?

3. On the other hand, if a truth is a statement or some other sort of expression, then: No minds; no truths; no facts.

4. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, then truths/facts occur as instantiations within or as products of minds.

5. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, and if minds are necessarily physical, then truths/facts can be said to occur/instantiate physically.

Statement #4 is trans-perspectival. For instance, it holds if God is, and it holds if God (as non-physical) is not so long as there is at least one physical, non-God mind. Statement #5 holds for naturalism/materialism/physicalism whereas statement #2 does not in that statement #2 holds only if there is a non-physical realm of some sort.

Did the universe not exist before we evolved, before any form of mind? If so, that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about it to exist and evolve according to its own inherent properties.
It is a truth that the universe existed before any minds came to be.
It is a truth that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about them to exist and evolve.

We can even do it this way just for fun:

It is a truth that it is believed that it is a truth that the universe existed before any minds came to be.
It is a truth that it is believed that it is a truth that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about them to exist and evolve.

And truths remain the products of minds. What is supposed to be the problem? The objection?
 
A fact is something that's true regardless of what anyone believes.
1. In that case, a fact is a truth. Fine. Not a problem.

2. However, if there is a fact, if there is a truth even if there is no one to believe or think it, where are these facts/truths? Are they non-physical things?

3. On the other hand, if a truth is a statement or some other sort of expression, then: No minds; no truths; no facts.

4. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, then truths/facts occur as instantiations within or as products of minds.

5. If minds are necessary for truths/facts, and if minds are necessarily physical, then truths/facts can be said to occur/instantiate physically.

Statement #4 is trans-perspectival. For instance, it holds if God is, and it holds if God (as non-physical) is not so long as there is at least one physical, non-God mind. Statement #5 holds for naturalism/materialism/physicalism whereas statement #2 does not in that statement #2 holds only if there is a non-physical realm of some sort.

Did the universe not exist before we evolved, before any form of mind? If so, that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about it to exist and evolve according to its own inherent properties.
It is a truth that the universe existed before any minds came to be.
It is a truth that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about them to exist and evolve.

We can even do it this way just for fun:

It is a truth that it is believed that it is a truth that the universe existed before any minds came to be.
It is a truth that it is believed that it is a truth that reality, stars, planets, galaxies did not depend on us or our perceptions and beliefs about them to exist and evolve.

And truths remain the products of minds. What is supposed to be the problem? The objection?

Esse est percipi — George Berkeley

And yet, the existence of the whole world remains ever dependent on the first eye that opened — Arthur Schopenhauer

Do you really believe the moon is not there when you are not looking at it? —Albert Einstein

No phenomenon is a real phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon — John Archibald Wheeler

The metaphysical assumption that there is an objective, mind-independent reality is highly dubious, as is the assumption that there is a difference between objective and subjective — Me.
 
No phenomenon is a real phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon — John Archibald Wheeler
Interesting in light of the quote above is the Wheeler-Feynman advanced waves notion. That notion apparently derives from the fact that Maxwell's electrodynamic equations are not dependent on time directionality. It is possible to engage Maxwell's electrodynamics equations from a perspective in which time can only proceed from the past through the present and to the future. This would be the retarded potentials way of dealing with Maxwell's equations which depends upon an “earlier time” and takes into account the fact that a “signal takes a finite time, corresponding to the velocity of light, to propagate from the source point of the field to the point where an effect is produced or measured.” (See here and here for the otherwise unattributed quoted sections in this posting.) According to this perspective – the perspective which matches human experience - in which time proceeds only from past to present to future, time is said to be asymmetric. However, based upon the Maxwell equations formulations, there is also an available alternative perspective according to which time is symmetric – meaning that there is not only one direction in which time can proceed; time could, in theory or in principle, go backward as well as forward. Well, the in theory or in principle notion here seems to be a matter of just taking liberties with the fact that the equations are not time-dependent. But more related to that later.

It is this symmetry perspective which provides for the matter of advanced potentials as another way of dealing with Maxwell's electrodynamics equations. “It turns out that we can also write a solution to Maxwell's equations in terms of advanced potentials … In fact, this is just as good a solution to Maxwell's equation as the one involving retarded potentials ... This [advanced potentials approach] is manifestly symmetric in time … Thus, backward [in time] traveling waves are just as good a solution to this equation as forward [in time] traveling waves.”

Except for the fact that no one has yet observed or experienced such traveling backwards in time waves.

But, never mind that. Sure, with regards to an assertion of time-symmetry, the lack of evidence for waves traveling backwards in time is most certainly a situation which must at least be explained away, but it is not especially difficult to concoct a story which preserves the never-observed and evidence-destitute symmetry of time: “a charge emits half of its waves running forwards in time (i.e., retarded waves), and the other half running backwards in time (i.e., advanced waves). This sounds completely crazy! However, in the 1940's Richard P. Feynman and John A. Wheeler pointed out that under certain circumstances this prescription gives the right answer. Consider a charge interacting with 'the rest of the Universe,' where the 'rest of the Universe' denotes all of the distant charges in the Universe, and is, by implication, an awful long way away from our original charge. Suppose that the 'rest of the Universe' is a perfect reflector of advanced waves and a perfect absorbe[r] of retarded waves. … If we add the waves emitted by the charge to the response of 'the rest of the Universe' … charges appear to emit only retarded waves, which agrees with our everyday experience.”

So, back to the cited Wheeler quote. Are advanced waves/advanced potentials (mind-independently) real or not? Was the Wheeler-Feynman notion a matter of physics? Theoretical physics? Was it just an interesting mathematical problem? It is now something like eighty years since the problem of the advanced waves possibility was taken up by Wheeler and Feynman, and those waves are yet to be (irrefutably, incontrovertibly, assuredly, or even likely) observed. There continue to be attempts to detect those waves (see here for instance). And that is fine, because perseverance in the pursuit of discovery (scientific or otherwise) is critically important.

But that is not what especially interests me.

Rather, it is this notion of time-symmetry which is typically referred to in terms of time-reversal invariance, time-inversion, or even negative time. Negative time is more readily recognizable as a purely mathematical tool, but the same is not the case for time-reversal or time-inversion. Bryan W. Roberts (Reversing the Arrow of Time, 2022) notes that E. P. Wigner “introduced a central role for time reversal [in modern physics]” and in “the passage in which time reversal made its debut, translated as 'time inversion' in Wigner's writing” Wigner himself recognized that “'reversal of the direction of motion' is perhaps a more felicitous, though longer, expression than 'time inversion'.” More felicitous. Indeed. The reversal of the direction of motion is not - and does not even suggest - the reversal of time; it is not time inversion; it is not time-reversal. Then again, time-reversal and time-inversion certainly pique the imagination and interest more than does reversal of the direction of motion.

What I find most interesting is how word choice can affect thinking. Sometimes for better. And sometimes for the worse. Based on the cited Wheeler quote, we can surmise that he was well aware that he was just doing math and was not establishing an expressed actual truth. Is there a lesson in all this? Maybe it is this: Sometimes the best first step in testing a supposed or an accepted truth is changing its expression - regardless of how subjective such an undertaking is.
 
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