Obviously the
Homo sapiens breeding population was never as small as two. (Humans passed through population bottlenecks, but probably none smaller than a thousand individuals.)
But there is a sense in which a single man can be a major progenitor, much as the three sons of Noah supposedly were.
Some ancient societies documented patrilineal descents and used words like House, Clan or even "race" to describe the agnatic descendants of a single man. This did NOT imply in-breeding: Just going back three generations, 7/8 of a person's genome comes not directly from his agnatic ancestors but from the women they mated with.
Widespread DNA testing and particularly focus on the Y-chromosome has been eye-opening. I'll illustrate this by considering just the Stewart family that ruled Scotland and were in the R1b-L746 haplogroup. Among the hundreds of thousands of people with surname of Stuart or Stewart, a large fraction are in the L746 haplogroup. When you trace this haplogroup back through the phylogenetic tree, a common ancestor with Campbell appears. Tracing back further a HUGE clade comes into focus, all apparently descending from the Amesbury Archer, whose tomb was recently discovered near Stonehenge. (
Read about the Archer here. Note that he was apparently born not in Britain, but "near the Alps," agreeing exactly with what can be deduced about his R1b-L21 haplogroup.)
TL;DR. So yes, a single man, perhaps the "Amesbury Archer" himself, was the agnatic progenitor of a VAST number of people in the British Islands; he "founded a race" quite akin to the Biblical legends which made the sons of Jacob founders of tribes, or the sons of Noah founders of great races.
(I am tempted to write much more about the L746 haplogroup but resist the urge! I am one of the worst offenders of thread derailment. If there's questions about this, let's please start a new thread.)