Don2 (Don1 Revised)
Contributor
Indeed.
But for a related reason, I do not believe that the meaning of the words "man" and "woman" has changed. Briefly, I think it would be akin to changing the meaning of "ill" and "healthy" or at least "red" and "green". Slightly less briefly:
As you mention, words for male and female presumably existed for hundred-thousand-odd years. In fact, I would say that for tens of millions of years at least, our ancestors could tell females from males (at least, of their own species), under some intuitive concept of "female" and "male" (not as complex as a human context, but still).
Now, there are some differences between those categories of course: For example, ill/health seem to have the same concepts across human societies, whereas color concepts vary to some extent. That's understandable because (among other reasons) people care about health and illness much more than they do about color, but still, color concepts vary but the classification is always based on human color vision. For example, the (slightly fuzzy) line between colors might vary, but I don't think one can find a human society that classifies say (99% of green stuff + 1% of red stuff) as one color and some other color for almost all red + a little green.
Where does sex stand?
I would expect it's less important to nearly all people than health/illness, but overall more than colors (even people not interested in having sex, given the relevance of sex differences in human societies, not all of which are the result of cultural variation). But even assuming it's overall not more important to humans than color, the 99% green + 1% red would still not happen.
Suppose that someone said that for some reason, they want to redefine words as follows:
R1:
cis green:= green
cis red: = red.
green (new def): something with (99% of green stuff + 1% of red stuff)
red (new def): something similar in reverse.
(and something similar for trans green, etc.)
Moreover, they want to keep saying "green" and "red" in nearly all conversations, and only use "cis green", "cis red", etc. in a very small percentage of cases.
I think even if 99% of the population were to try, the vast majority would fail, and would keep using the words (at least in nearly all cases). A few very smart and rational people would pull it off and change how they regularly use the words, but for the most part, the meaning would stay. And a major obstacle would be that if they were to redefine the words as above, then they would not want to mean "green" and "red" (new defs) anymore, but "cis green" and "cis red", because those are concepts that align reasonably well with human color vision, rather than the new ones.
What if they did not explicitly state that intent to change the meaning, but they tried anyway, trying to learn the new concepts by pointing at stuff?
I think that that would fail too: either the meaning would not change (probably), or people would usually say "cis green", "cis red", etc., precisely because of how the concepts allign with human color vision. In other words, even if this particularly difficult change in the meaning of the words is achievable (much easier would be to come up with new words that do not closely resemble the previous ones), that would not change the classifications human monkeys actually care about, and would want to talk about, in the vast majority of cases.
Now, maybe I'm wrong about the above and female and male are not even like red or green. But I do not believe I am, because one can just look at the behavior of almost any thing (including all monkeys as far as I can tell) to see that the classification between females and males is relevant in all of their societies - bonobos too, of course. One would expect that anything smart enough would have words that track their intuitive classification, and that those words would be used regularly.
I might be missing some piece of evidence here (and if so, I would actually appreciate the input ), but I'm inclined to think this change very probably has not happened.
There is another difficulty, even assuming the color or illness analogy fails:
I actually do not think that, for the most part, people do not seem to understand themselves as talking about something different now when they say "woman" or "man" than they were talking about 30 years go for example (assuming older people). Many might believe (mistakenly, I think) that some of the people they thought were women were actually men, and vice versa.
But - at least in most of the cases I have encountered, and of course with exceptions - they do not behave themselves as if they believed that they meant something else 30 years ago.
I think your analogy is quite good, and certainly interesting, and as usual very thorough.
Now, does it deal with third party (external) descriptions only? What about objects (or entities) that appear green on the outside but feel (or psychologically are) red on the inside? We may or may not be best to temporarily set aside why this might be the case, because (a) there could be a variety of complicated reasons/factors, involving different levels of analysis (from the macro to the micro, from nature to nurture), that (b) might be at least slightly different in each individual case, and (c) some of them might involve the interactions of and overlap between what we might call psychology on the one hand and biology/physiology on the other, and we might even assume the former reduces to the latter anyway, which would pave the way for saying that permanently feeling red is as (physically) real in colour terms as permanently appearing green on the outside, even if in a different way.
I consider myself lucky. Like most people, my internal (subjective) and external (objective) colour happens to be at least pretty much the same one (allowing for at least some psychological fluidity, ambiguity or variance, which I imagine is very common).
It's maybe like cars. We call cars colors based on majority outward paint color. ...like "that car is red." But the interior might all be green, the tires black, the windshield and windows tinted and transparent...there might even be specks of green in the paint. So much green that if you looked at surface area of interior and exterior, you may find 51% green, 30% red, 19% other....and if the car could talk, it might say, "hey y'all, i'm green."