Koyaanisqatsi
Veteran Member
And aside from the training, if you do finally decide to get a handgun for personal protection I would recommend a .22. They have the exact same effect as a larger caliber in regard to deterrent and comparable (in some cases better) stopping power, but not as high lethality.
Iow, you can scare 99% of would-be burglars/assailants away without ever having to fire the thing and if you ever do need to fire it, the chances are you will wound, not unnecessarily kill (unless you’re well trained and intend to kill).
That can then translate into a comparable margin of safety in regard to family members and accidents. Still incredibly dangerous, of course, but on a scale of Stormtrooper to Dirty Harry...
If you have to fire you want them stopped now. A .22 isn't going to do that unless you hit something vital.
I asked Ed Head, operations manager at Gunsite, for his opinion. He said, "Since the first rule of gunfighting is to have a gun, any gun is better than none at all. The little .22 LR may actually be better than some larger calibers, depending upon the ammunition selected. For example, I would think a high-velocity .22 cartridge like the Stinger might be a better choice than a .25 ACP loaded with FMJ rounds."
According to the book "Stopping Power, a Practical Analysis of the Latest Handgun Ammunition," by Evan Marshall and Ed Sanow, Head is right. Marshall and Sanow found .22 LR Stinger ammunition was 58 percent more effective at producing one-shot stops than any of the FMJ .25 Auto loads.
When selecting a defensive handgun Head's wife could carry in her pocket, he choose the little Smith & Wesson J-frame Model 317 in .22 LR. Several things convinced him it was the right choice. For one, similarly sized revolvers in .357 Mag. and even .38 Spl. can be uncomfortable to shoot. Second, Smith & Wesson's eight-shot 317 only weighs 11 ounces. Finally, and most important, with the 317 his wife can consistently put all eight rounds into a target the size of an eye socket at 5 yards. Head asks, "What more do you need?"
He also said, "Nobody wants to get shot with any gun. It's been my experience people just don't stand there and let you shoot them. The most common stop is psychological. Most people stop fighting quickly after having been shot. Although we tend to worry endlessly about knockdown power and about what bullet and load is best, fact is, people just don't like getting shot, and unless facing the rare superhuman, even a .22 can get the job done."
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The data in Marshall's and Sanow's book lists the effectiveness of six different .22 LR loads based on 4,483 actual street shootings. On average, the cartridge produced one-shot stops 31 percent of the time. Based on their sampling criteria, the .22 LR was found to be about half as effective as the .32 ACP. With data from 465 shootings, the CCI Stinger was the second-best .22 LR load with 38 percent one-shot stops. With only 10 shootings, the original .22 LR Quik-Shok HP load had the highest rating at 40 percent. Quik-Shok ammunition is now produced by CCI. It's available as a 40-grain Subsonic or a 32-grain Hyper-Velocity load. Marshall's and Sanow's data is based on the lighter, faster bullet.
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One-shot terminal performance tests are interesting, but what if you shoot a bad guy multiple times? Marshall and Sanow based their findings on one shot, but I'm not sure one shot is the best way to evaluate the .22 LR cartridge for self-defense. Why? Because it's so easy to shoot fast and accurately. With the help of some friends I tested this hypothesis using a SIG Sauer P229 in .40 S&W and with a SIG .22 LR conversion kit. We found we could get twice as many hits in the same amount of time with the .22 LR. There were also fewer misses with the rimfire.
Make what you will of this data. What cannot be ignored is Marshall and Sanow examined almost 4,500 instances where a .22 LR was used for self-defense. In the same study they tracked the effectiveness of 16 different .45 ACP loads for a total of only 1,728 shootings. Yes, the .45 ACP was more effective, but what's astonishing was that they had twice the number of shootings to evaluate with the .22 LR. This should dispel any doubts the .22 LR is frequently used in an attempt to stop bad guys.
So, what about stopping power? This term always comes up. For what it's worth, consider that the first homicide I ever investigated, the perpetrator used a pellet rifle. Also, during my 13 years as a police officer, I pointed my handgun at a lot of bad guys doing a lot of bad things. In only two instances did it fail to make them stop. That's potent stopping power, and the trigger was never pulled. I would add that none first asked me, "Hey, how big a gun you got?" Like Head said, nobody wants to get shot with anything. It's a matter of perception and perception is important.
And this (from PoliceMag no less):
The point here is that no single ammunition that is typically used by law enforcement officers today can reliably claim to have superior stopping power.
I have seen a .22 caliber bullet completely incapacitate someone and a .45 ACP fail to achieve that result. People and animals shot with 10mm rounds and .357 SIG rounds have continued to run from the police. I have been on scene as a tactical medical provider when a suicidal person shot himself in the head with a .45 Colt round resulting in instant death. And I have seen the same results in suicides that used smaller calibers, including .22, .25, and .32. I have also seen people hit with 9mm, .40, and .45 without so much as staggering or slowing their verbal or physical activities.
So we come back to the original question: Which ammunition has the best stopping power? I can't answer that question. What I can say is that you should look for ammunition that reliably lives up to its claims of penetration and expansion but don't believe that these two factors alone are related to stopping power.
The ultimate stopping power rests with your training with your weapon system. Accurate hits in any reasonable caliber will "stop" a person if that person has experienced enough brain or spinal cord damage to interrupt regular neurologic impulses from reaching vital areas of the body or the person has hemorrhaged enough blood to lower his or her blood pressure where the brain no longer is able to function well. You can also stop a person if a major bone shatters after a bullet injures it, but does that stop the fight?
Stopping power is a marketing tool and should be dropped from our discussions of ballistic performance until such time as ammunition effectiveness is measured by more means than just the results of gelatin and barrier tests. When ammunition companies or regulatory agencies begin to use computer simulations, simulant tests, animal models, autopsy results, and trauma surgeon operation reports with hospital summaries to determine the effectiveness of their products, then we will know which ammunition can be labeled as having the "best stopping power." And this claim will be based on scientific data rather than incomplete ballistic testing.
Until then, shot placement with any commercially available ammunition will offer you the best chance of maximizing your duty ammunition's stopping power.
But, of course, for me it's the fact that a .22 was the preferred calibre for most of the world's covert operatives--including the Seals and the Mossad--but that had more to do with its easier suppression and the fact that professional assassins often opted for point blank, back-of-the-head shots, but who gives a shit? For home protection all you need is a shotgun for terror and deterrent and a .22 for the .00000000000001% bath salt junkie that only exists in your fever dreams.
Point being once again that training is all that matters and if you can't fire a .22 properly, then you have no business with anything larger. All you'd be banking on in that scenario is blind luck. Which means you have the exact same bank no matter what the calibre and with a .22 you have numerous added benefits (such as little to no recoil allowing more accurate multiple shot placement and you won't go deaf firing the thing).
Anyone insisting they must have a larger calibre is just a paranoid, delusional pussy with a tiny cock that can't shoot for shit and therefore shouldn't be allowed to carry any gun, let alone a far more difficult gun to master than a .22.
But, yes, you're right, as with any gun, you need to hit something vital...to stop a zombie. For 100% of everything you'll ever deal with in real life, however, a .22 is the perfect self-defense weapon and all anyone needs (combined with a shotgun for home protection).