boneyard bill
Veteran Member
I think that pretty much every leader in every country starts running for the office a few years ahead of time at a minimum. It's just that the US has a more public process about it and the US news media covers every minute iota like it's a celebrity sex scandal and feels the need to stretch out five minutes worth of news into a week's worth of shows or else they'd be left with a lot of dead airspace which they'd then have to fill with some kind of fact-based and informative content and news programs tend to shy away from that sort of thing.
Yes. In parliamentary systems you have a "shadow cabinet" in the opposition benches. The PM candidate is not only chosen well ahead of time, but he assumes a position similar to that of the opposition party leader in the US Senate, and other members of the opposition cabinet are ready waiting to assume their positions as Foreign Secretary, Defense Minister, etc. and the lead the opposition in debate on issues related to those portfolios from the floor of parliament. So the nominee is usually known well ahead of time, but the general election campaign is pretty much an ongoing thing.