Whether qualia survive death may not be so straightforward as it appears to the naturalist. Basically, it seems to be whether some form of reincarnation is possible.
In the eastern tradition, we have endless cycles of death, rebirth, and death again, all of which lead to either “higher” or “lower” planes of life. Humans are currently the “spiritually highest” on this misguided view, as we have seen as articulated by another poster, who presumably is Hindu.
Putting aside the “higher” and “lower” stuff, just exactly what reincarnates? Is it some version of the soul found in Christianity? If so, the eastern religious traditions suffer from the same fatal flaw as the very different Christianity, in that there is no evidence of a “soul” or even any clear idea of what that is might be.
But there are naturalist accounts of reincarnation without a soul, one of which is Nietzsche’s Eternal Recurrence of the Same, which I have discussed elsewhere. This might find scientific plausibility in a few ways, one of which, which I have also discussed, is the Minkowski block view of spacetime, in which the entirety of our world tubes, consisting of temporal parts, is permanently engraved in the fabric of spacetime. Saying “we are always alive” between our births and deaths then by implication could become, “we are eternally alive, period,” though only between our births and deaths. When we die, on this view, we simply begin to live our same lives all over again from our subjective viewpoint.
An interesting variant arises when we combine the block view of eternal recurrence with the supposed quantum multiverse, if it exists, which is discussed
here. On this eternal recurrence account, we don’t live our SAME lives over and over, but different quantum variants of it. Basically we would explore every possible variant of our lives over and over again for eternity.
Another way to account for eternal recurrence might be cyclic universe models in which the universe gets around to returning again and again to previous matter-energy configurations, which naturally would include our own lives replayed again and again.
There is at least one other naturalistic account of reincarnation, through strictly it is not “reincarnation” because, being naturalistic, it involves no soul or “passage” of some inner essence to the next life. At naturalism.org, Tom Clark puts forth this idea
here. As Clark notes, Wayne Stewart came up with substantively the same idea, and it should further be noted that the writer whom
@peacegirl touts in her Revolution in Thought thread came up with much the same idea before either Clark or Stewart.
The idea here is that when we die, our personal, subjective point of view simply shifts to a person born after our death. You can follow his argument at the linked essay, if you wish. Clark contends that subjectivity is generic, and shifts to another personal point of view at death. For me, I think something like this could only be possible or even coherent if some account of metaphysical idealism is true, and perhaps there is a form of “world mind” in which, as Clark contends, our individual awareness shifts to another individual awareness, like different facets gleaming on a single diamond.
Finally, we could mention quantum immortality, which depends on the quantum multiverse actually existing. On this account we aren’t reincarnated but we never die, either, because we literally can’t. Every time we encounter a life or death situation, the universe splits into one in which we survive, and others in which we do not. Since we can’t find ourselves in a quantum branch in which we cease to exist — because you cannot “find” yourself being dead — then from your own personal point of view you will always survive and never die.
All of this is fun speculative philosophy, but completely unfalsifiable or testable in any way. Imagine Clark’s account is true — you would never know it. Imagine Hitler’s subjectivity passing on to a person born later who is an Orthodox Jew whose family perished in the Holocaust. How could you convince him of the insulting idea that he, in a sense, used to “be” Hitler? Probably he would punch you in the face.
As for the eternal recurrence, again, it entails that we have no memory of having done all this before, and so therefore living one life only or living the same life over and over are indistinguishable in principle.