Swammerdami
Squadron Leader
First one is behind the paywall, the second one is mostly behind the paywall. I still think the methodology of using google searches is questionable at best. It also flies in the face of the fact that Obama won decisively in 2008. But in any case, the meat of the study, the results section, is locked behind the paywall.My bookmarks are scattered hither and yon! But Google quickly found links to some related studies. Or, do I need to say, to conform with your Trumpist world-view, "supposed studies"?
Sheeez. You need your hand held for everything? This should get you the 2nd paper:
The Cost of Racial Animus on a Black Presidential Candidate: Using Google Search Data to Find What Surveys Miss
How can we know how much racial animus costs a black candidate if few will admit such socially unacceptable attitudes to surveys? I suggest a new proxy for an a
papers.ssrn.com
You make a couple of cookie-related clicks and locate and click the "Open PDF in Browser" box.
How can we know how much racial animus costs a black candidate if few will ad-
mit such socially unacceptable attitudes to surveys? I suggest a new proxy for an
area’s racial animus from a non-survey source: the percent of Google search queries
that include racially charged language. I compare the proxy to Barack Obama’s 2008
and 2012 vote shares, controlling for the vote share of the 2004 Democratic presiden-
tial candidate, John Kerry. Previous research using a similar specification but survey
proxies for racial attitudes yielded little evidence that racial attitudes affected Obama.
An area’s racially charged search rate, in contrast, is a robust negative predictor of
Obama’s vote share. Continuing racial animus in the United States appears to have
cost Obama roughly four percentage points of the national popular vote in both 2008
and 2012, giving his opponent the equivalent of a home-state advantage nationally.
Rather than simple counts, the Google data measures the intensity of racial animus. As for Obama winning decisively, get someone with a clue to explain (a) the "8-year switch" (which failed in my lifetime only in 1988 and 2020), (b) Katrina, (c) Iraq, (d) the utter stupidity of choosing Palin as running-mate. ANY Democrat would have won that election in a landslide.
But consider 2012. Obama had the incumbent's advantage and a very successful 1st term. yet won by a narrow 51-47 margin. That you think Obama's race didn't matter shows how hopelessly wrong almost all your political understanding is.