Right - but as a result of colonialism, a lot of Muslims are extremely old-fashioned. If we thought of them that way many issues would be much clearer, I think.
I reject that. Western Imperialism in the Middle-East was a slight hiccup compared to the Ottoman imperialism. If you want to award blame I suggest putting it were it belongs. If you were talking about colonial impacts in Africa, India or South-East Asia you'd gotten my attention. But blaming the mess in the Middle-East on Western Imperialism is a bit of a stretch.
The Ottoman empire started out as being very liberal and progressive. They encouraged science, technology and new ideas. They swiftly and brutally crushed any hint of Islamic fundamentalism. Apart from calling themselves the Caliphate they were the nearest we could come to a Medieval secular state. They were way ahead of their time. And then in the 17'th century they dropped the ball. They became conservative, defensive and spent more time keeping what they had than making the Ottomanese thrive. By the time the Ottoman empire falls in the 20'th century, it's old regions are hopelessly backward and impoverished. I suggest awarding blame over here... where it belongs.
The problem with appearances of Islam is that most of the Islamic world was a part of the Ottoman empire. That created an image where the two were synonyms. They're not.
Muslims in India and Afghanistan. Are as conservative as they are as a reaction to colonial rule. They equated modernism with racism and corruption of moral values. That fundamentalist movement has it's roots in the Indian Sepoys rebellion.
I don't know enough about Indonesia to say anything informed about their version of Islam. But I suspect they've got their own spin on it due to whatever part Islam had in ridding themselves of Dutch supremacy.