What you say when I fix it.
I don't think you intended what I found in the first bit when you wrote it. However when hooray is eliminated that's what remained.
More incoherent gibberish from you, as usual.
I agree Juma's opinion is not more valid that that of the researchers.
Juma's opinion is to that of the experts what a creationsit's opinion about evolution is to that of a biologist. He has no empirical basis for his view, they have a massive empirical basis, and you have offered zero rational basis to discount their scientific argument other than your dogmatic dismissal of cognitive science.
As for your responses of similar form to mine let me just remind you that my references are just as valid as are your references.
You have offered no references that are relevant to the causal influence of sex hormones on various psychological tasks.
Time or good or bad science doesn't make it good or bad.
As usual, WTF????? Your word-salad mixer is on high again.
Seems to me you are imputing capability in your interpretation of results when all they show are attained differences in performance. Even today we still presume, in psychology, environment is at least as likely to impact outcomes of mature individuals is genetic makeup.
Together, the various links I provided along with the research literature those links cite, show a causal influence of sex hormones on spatial tasks that is mediated by hormonal impact of particular brain regions and inter-region connectivity. Nothing I have said, denies that environment also has an impact, and in fact I have explicitly argued that it does. But the causal impact of sex hormones on the brain and cognitive and particular cognitive actions that those regions mediate is beyond reasonable doubt, given the current scientific evidence. It is mainstream consensus cognitive science.
Just let me drop this one in your nickers. I want to see how you react.
Females and Males Rely on Different Cortical Regions in Raven’s Matrices Reasoning Capacity: Evidence from a Voxel-Based Morphometry Study http://www.plosone.org/article/metrics/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093104
Abstract:
Raven’s Matrices test (RMT) is a non-verbal test designed to assess individuals’ ability to reason and solve new problems without relying extensively on declarative knowledge derived from schooling or previous experience. Despite a large number of behavioral studies that demonstrated gender differences in Raven’s Matrices reasoning ability, no neural evidence supported this difference. In this study, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used in an attempt to uncover the gender-specific neural basis of Raven’s Matrices reasoning ability as measured by the combined Raven’s Matrices test (CRT) in 370 healthy young adults. The behavioral results showed no difference between males and females. However, the VBM results showed that the relationship between reasoning ability and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) differed between sexes. The association between CRT scores and rGMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with visuospatial ability) was significantly greater in males than in females, whereas the reverse was true for the inferior frontal cortex (relating to verbal reasoning ability) and the medial frontal cortex (engaged in information binding) where the association was greater in females. These findings suggest that males and females use differently structured brains in different ways to achieve similar levels of overall Raven’s Matrices reasoning ability.
There are no differences but there are difference in adult brain proportions .... have fun wiggling.
Interesting. It contradicts nothing I said, since I never made claims about general intelligence or whatever it is that Raven's Matrices tests. In fact, your reference only supports my more general point that males and female "have differently structured brains" and "use them in different ways".
Raven's is a complex reasoning task that is highly open to different strategies that depend differently on various underlying skills and aptitudes.
Research shows that people that differ in their underlying skill, such as their working-memory-capacity (commonly understood to reflect control of attention in the face of distraction) use different strategies to perform the Raven's. IOW, you reference shows that men and women use different parts of their differently structured brain to solve Raven's problems, and other research suggest a reason they do this is that men and women differ in the underlying skills and abilities that different strategies require.
There is no problem for any of my arguments, if the genders don't differ on Raven's performance, but it turns out that they do, and your reference just used poor methods incapable of testing it.
Some strategies on the Raven's tend to be more effective than others on the Raven's and thus different strategy use often shows up as different performance scores (the above link also shows this). Thus, the different strategies employed by men and women might result in different scores. The lack of a performance score difference in your reference is not surprising, given that they only included and extremely non-representative sample people likely to be of very high intellectual ability, namely students at one of the more selective Universities in China. That massively constrains the observed variance in performance, making it unlikely to observe any differences in performance between any sub-groups. Their Raven's test had a top possible score of 72, yet their mean score was 66.25 with a standard deviation of 3.13, which mean few of their subjects were below the 90th percentile, and the mean was less than 2 standard deviations from to highest possible score (which means a truncated range and non-normal distribution).
In addition, the study eliminated all people that are not right-handed,
and men are 23% more likely to be right-handed.. This matters, because handedness reflects neural differences that predict variance in performance on many kinds of cognitive tasks,
including Raven's. IOW, your references used biased sampling methods that made differences unlikely due to lack of variance, plus disproportionately eliminated males that are generally above average at Raven's.
M
eta-analyses that combine results across many samples show that there is in fact a difference in Raven's performance, but it only emerges around age 15, but then it the difference favoring males (about .33 standard deviations) remains rather steady for the rest of adulthood. Gee, I wonder what occurs just before age 15 that changes people's brains for the rest of their life? On yeah, puberty and the massive increase in the brain's exposure to sex hormones.
In sum, no "wiggling" required, just sound reasoning and application of relevant knowledge. You should try it.