Throughout history there have only been 3 ways that governments have ultimately dealt with excessive debt and these are ALL civilization killers. To wit:
1) Inflation
2) Confiscate wealth
3) Renounce the debt
During and after WWII, the Allied nations had enormous debt. Civilisation did not collapse, however; Rather, the economies of those nations boomed. That's because the addressed the debt by:
4) Progressive taxation of income, with top bracket marginal rates of 90-99%, for that portion of income that wildly exceeded median income levels (anyone could get rich, but it was very difficult indeed for an individual to get
hyper-rich, buy a small-to-medium sized country rich, start a private space program rich).
The left/right divide on taxation is basically a disagreement over whether debt should be avoided via raising taxes to cover spending; Or by cutting spending to meet tax revenue.
Since Reagan, the right have added "...whilst also cutting taxes" to their side of the equation.
Observably, the left wing strategy works, and the initial right wing strategy doesn't.
The
new right wing strategy
really obviously doesn't, and it is bizarre that anyone ever expected that it might.
If you want a nice country, with nice stuff, then you want a fairly high and progressive income tax, to cover the costs of maintaining infrastructure; And you want some borrowing to cover new infrastructure (so that our grandchildren pay their share for it, and don't just get it as a gift - after all, our grandchildren will be far richer than their grandparents, if we don't fuck it all up).
A balanced budget isn't essential. But slashing taxes and then trying to keep the country staggering along on minimum possible spending is a recipe for disaster - because minimum spending is still quite a lot, if you don't want to live in a third-world shithole.
And while borrowing to invest in new infrastructure is good, borrowing
just to keep things running is not.
Restore taxes to the reasonable levels of the early '80s, close a few loopholes, and fund the
shit out of the IRS so that cheaters cannot prosper, and the budget will practically balance itself.