Bike lanes are good. Separated, dedicated bike paths and better supporting infrastructure is better. Look at places (mostly in Europe) that have a significant amount of their population that commutes by bike and you can easily see what I mean.
The US is too car centric and self centered to ever go that route though.
Let me address a few of the issues (mostly strawman arguments) by the afore mentioned car-centric USians.
1) Bike lanes cause more traffic/slower traffic. Well, the whole point is get less people to drive and more people to bike. Those drivers need to find alternate routes. So many cities now are so cavalier about saying the same to those of us who commute by bike. Let's see what's easier: going 2-3 miles out of your way when you're biking and have to do all the work, or going 2-3 miles (usually less, since there's so much more car infrastructure) when all you have to do is move your right foot and steer a little? Go ahead, work it out. I'll wait.
2) Some people can't bike due to health issues. Well, if they biked, they might not have those health issues in the first place.

Seriously, the people who actually
can't legitimately bike is tiny compared to those who are just too fucking lazy to (while fully acknowledging that some jobs and commutes are simply not practical on a bike).
3) Winter/bad weather biking. Get a
trike with e-assist and you solve most of those problems with appropriate gear (expensive, but way less so over the long run than a car). For places with bad winter weather, you can go full on velomobile (
that's what I did). Based on my experience, by the time it gets bad enough that I can't ride my velo, very few people will be driving either. So it's eminently possible. Also, in some places that actually invest in bicycle infrastructure (like the Netherlands), they use geothermal heating under their bike paths to keep them almost entirely free of snow and ice. So again, it just takes a willingness to invest in the infrastructure.
Driver education is a big part of all of this "infrastructure improvement" as well. The US utterly sucks with regard to maintaining any sort of control over who can or should be allowed to drive.