You know it is moving not still. That's all you need to measure speed.
That's like knowing the difference between a living and a dead parrot.
What is consciousness? Not what is it correlated to in terms of the whole system, we know when the system dies it is gone, what is it?
That was just a small example to illustrate the principle, that consciousness can be studied, even if it does not mean that we can or at least have yet gotten to a full explanation. There are many things we can examine about consciousness. Speed is just one of them.
And you'll have to stop asking me what consciousness is, because I don't know.
There's a point to the question.
Suppose consciousness arises because of some quantum effect or even some electrical effect, or maybe a combination, of matter arranged like a brain?
What could we say about it objectively without even knowing which?
We can look at a brain functioning. But if we don't know what consciousness is what can we say about any of it? We can fiddle with it, shake it and kick it and see what happens.
But none of that, like shaking a television, will tell you what it is or how it functions.
And these studies that focus on activity in one tiny little part of brain and ignore all the rest as if it means nothing are insane.