A bit of clarity on US defense capacity, its inability to expand, and the added cost of continuing resolutions.
A lack of defense production has created an alarming gap between America’s strategy and its capabilities.
www.theatlantic.com
If Washington were instead to deliver—on time—a budget that fully funds the country’s defense strategy, manufacturers might have the confidence to build the plants and hire and train the workers needed to replenish U.S. military stockpiles. The industry will want multiyear contracts, because it has been burned repeatedly by starting production only to have funding zeroed out by either Congress or DOD the following year.
Inventory Replacement Times
It isn't just funding from Congress that is causing the problem. Lean manufacturing processes, which were first implemented by Toyota (albeit invented in the US), have become commonplace in manufacturing industries in the past few decades. Those processes are designed to reduce the accumulation of inventories, which are regarded as wasteful. Ideally, needed components are produced just in time for delivery as needed. Demand drives production schedules, not the availability of supplies that accumulate just in case they are needed. Also, the globalization of supply chains has caused problems when those chains are interrupted by unforeseen and unplanned events such as pandemics.
Lean is cheap, but it's brittle. When it works, it saves a lot of money, but it is completely dependant on ultra-reliable supply chains, and on agile production by suppliers.
This makes it very poorly suited to any industry that is intended to work during times of crisis - particularly Healthcare, Emergency Management, and Defence.
It is ideally suited to industries where the final product is complex and expensive, but also a luxury item for which the end user is only mildly inconvenienced by any delays. It's no surprise that the Automotive industry was one of the earliest adopters; And given the tendency of managers to seize any opportunity for large cost savings, and to disregard the long term impact of those savings on the stability or resilience of their businesses, it's also no surprise that it has spread to encompass industries to which it is very poorly suited.
Defence is inherently and unavoidably wasteful. Deterence demands that you have a lot of very expensive kit, and the expensive trained personnel to use it, just sitting around "doing nothing".
If you have enough of that stuff, it never gets used. If you don't have enough, then it probably will get used, and when it does, you're going to rue the fact that you didn't have more.