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Justice report finds systematic discrimination against African Americans in Ferguson

During the period 2012-2014 black drivers were twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during traffic stops, but 26% less likely to be found in possession of contraband.

Eight pages in, this needs repeating. There's no apologizing away a statistic like that.
Obviously you have never witnessed the full force of "anything but racism" argument. Any particular outcome or statistic can always be explained by other unseen or unmeasurable factors. Even in this situation where there are different statistics all with significant imbalances suggesting a pattern of racism, the ignorant and the ideologues are jumping to the racism conclusion because they ignore (willfully or otherwise) all of those other possible causes just because those causes are hidden or unproven. It truly is discrimination against the unseen.
 
Eight pages in, this needs repeating. There's no apologizing away a statistic like that.
Obviously you have never witnessed the full force of "anything but racism" argument. Any particular outcome or statistic can always be explained by other unseen or unmeasurable factors. Even in this situation where there are different statistics all with significant imbalances suggesting a pattern of racism, the ignorant and the ideologues are jumping to the racism conclusion because they ignore (willfully or otherwise) all of those other possible causes just because those causes are hidden or unproven. It truly is discrimination against the unseen.

the people who make the "anything but racism" are the ideological descendents of the same people Gallup survey back in the summer of 1963, two-thirds of which believe that black people didn't suffer discrimination and were perhaps even being preferential treatment. And like those people in '63 these people today are wrong. Luckily for the rest of us, their numbers are shrinking. Slowly, but still shrinking.
 
Obviously you have never witnessed the full force of "anything but racism" argument. Any particular outcome or statistic can always be explained by other unseen or unmeasurable factors. Even in this situation where there are different statistics all with significant imbalances suggesting a pattern of racism, the ignorant and the ideologues are jumping to the racism conclusion because they ignore (willfully or otherwise) all of those other possible causes just because those causes are hidden or unproven. It truly is discrimination against the unseen.

the people who make the "anything but racism" are the ideological descendents of the same people Gallup survey back in the summer of 1963, two-thirds of which believe that black people didn't suffer discrimination and were perhaps even being preferential treatment. And like those people in '63 these people today are wrong. Luckily for the rest of us, their numbers are shrinking. Slowly, but still shrinking.
I think we should be careful treading here. A lot gets toss under the "anything but racism" category. Questioning conclusions based upon looking at a couple statistics in a vacuum wouldn't be an "anything but racism" argument. What we have here is a rather disturbing set of statistics that really can't be explained away by circumstance or chance. Worse yet, it appears that the Police aren't the only problem as the systemic issues go up to the Courthouse.

And while it could possibly be argued that those being targeted for petty crimes aren't exactly being targeted because of active racism, the statistics clearly indicate that race is an undeniably significant factor involved that is being caused by racism (to an unknown extent) and, at "best", ignorant racial stereotyping. 16,000 of 21,000 with outstanding warrants? Australia wasn't that ridden with criminals when it was a penal colony!

There are problems in Ferguson and any attempt to whitewash these stats and ironically accuse the DoJ and Obama of racism has very little backing in legitimacy. But maybe if the blacks just neated themselves up and went to court to get fined for some petty incident that may not have even happened, they wouldn't have these warrants. Baby... why do you make me so angry at you?
 
http://www.theatlantic.com/national...ent-of-justice-report/386887/?utm_source=SFFB


Even more. Detailing police abuses:

In January 2013, a patrol sergeant stopped an African-American man after he saw the man talk to an individual in a truck and then walk away. The sergeant detained the man, although he did not articulate any reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was afoot. When the man declined to answer questions or submit to a frisk—which the sergeant sought to execute despite articulating no reason to believe the man was armed—the sergeant grabbed the man by the belt, drew his ECW, and ordered the man to comply. The man crossed his arms and objected that he had not done anything wrong. Video captured by the ECW’s built-in camera shows that the man made no aggressive movement toward the officer. The sergeant fired the ECW, applying a five-second cycle of electricity and causing the man to fall to the ground.

The sergeant almost immediately applied the ECW again, which he later justified in his report by claiming that the man tried to stand up. The video makes clear, however, that the man never tried to stand—he only writhed in pain on the ground. The video also shows that the sergeant applied the ECW nearly continuously for 20 seconds, longer than represented in his report. The man was charged with Failure to Comply and Resisting Arrest, but no independent criminal violation.

It is often difficult for an individual who receives a municipal citation or summons in Ferguson to know how much is owed, where and how to pay the ticket, what the options for payment are, what rights the individual has, and what the consequences are for various actions or oversights. The initial information provided to people who are cited for violating Ferguson’s municipal code is often incomplete or inconsistent. Communication with municipal court defendants is haphazard and known by the court to be unreliable. And the court’s procedures and operations are ambiguous, are not written down, and are not transparent or even available to the public on the court’s website or elsewhere.
 
Having stop/arrest statistics different from population demographics is not in itself a sign of "systematic discrimination". But hey, I do not have particularly high expectations form Holder DOJ.

Do you have any comments about the report or the posted articles?
 
The point of the search is to find contraband. The relavant fact is that the police are more likely to search a black person even though the search is less likely to find anything.

Contraband is only found after the search, thus unless you believe the cops are time travelling, it cannot possibly play a causal role in whom they search.
Searches are determined/caused only by the factors that precede the actual search, which are all the ones I listed and which you (and the report) ignore, and which together could easily account for double search rates.


Cops might factor prior prob of finding something into a current situation,

But the prior prob of finding something is lower for the group that is searched at a higher rate.

Yes, and that is why I pointed this out, because I actually care about honestly rational discourse, so I acknowledge relevant facts that are not consistent with my overall argument. But at most this prior probability would play a tiny role compared to all the other immediate factors I mentioned and you have ignored as though they do not impact search probability.

but to the extent that found contraband is relevant, the particular type of contraband is more relevant. Most contraband is of the "half joint in ashtray" sort that cops don't care that much about, and that is the sort of which whites had more of. IIRC, from the prior report, blacks were more likely to have illegal weapons and evidence of drug trafficking.

If your recollection is true, does that justify searching blacks at nearly double the rate of whites even though the probably of finding something illegal is 26% less?

I don't know exactly how much that factor alone would matter, but it could easily counter the overall higher prob of finding minor drug use contraband among whites, making that whole statistic a "wash" and not relevant either way. Moreover, I gave you many other factors that together might easily account for the double rates of search. Bear in mind that even just prior convictions alone are 2-5 times more common among blacks, nationally, and similar rates for outstanding warrants.

Is this criterion not race-based? i.e. Cops believe that they have reasonable suspicion to search blacks because they percieve that the black that is stopped is more likely to have a weapon even if the end result is that a lot of innocent blacks are needlessly bothered/harrassed? If I was a law abiding black person I'd tend to hate the knuckleheads that happen to share my pigment but I'd also hate the cops that treat me like those knuckleheads. You can see how the cops behavior might create some animosity in such a situation.

First, remember that I gave you a list of many factors that are driver-specific that would lead to different search rates, and you ignored all of them.
Second, remember that this one factor of "probability of finding contraband based on prior found contraband" is your statistic that you (and the report) present as meaningful, and it can only be relevant if you think/expect that cops are using prior success rates to decide to search. That said, yes, it is race-based profiling to consider prior found contraband as relevant to future searches, whether they use the overall 26% less likely that you think should matter, or the % more likely to have weapons I referred to. With that stat, all I am saying is that if you want to figure the 26% less likely into how you think non-racists searches should look, then you have to factor in the higher rates of weapons as well. If you want the cops to ignore all of that, then great. That means your stat is irrelevant and what matters are all the differences in the factors I listed and you are ignoring.
 
The emails are direct evidence of racism among some Ferguson cops. But the stat you take as a smoking gun doesn't add much evidence at all without better analyses showing that the many relevant factors known to covary with race cannot account for the disparity.
OMG! Someone right the DoJ an email stat! They may not realize that it doesn't have to be racism!

It seems odd that those that want to defend the Ferguson police from charges of racism, also at the exact same time want to leap at the DoJ and claim they are the ones making this about race.

Where am I leaping at the DOJ? I am pointing out that the main stat being offered in the media reports and most here as smoking gun evidence of widespread racism is meaningless and uninterpretable without factoring the many well established covariates with race that are also well known to impact (and should impact) the probability of a search. This exact same stat was put forth in the main "Ferguson" thread, and shown to be meaningless then to most of the same folks parroting it yet again now.

What is odd is that the same people leaping to parrot these meaningless stats as "evidence" of racism are the first to completely discount similar types of stats when they seem to work against their pet theory.
 
The covariates should allow police to better target searches. This does not appear to be the case. Police appear to be targeting searches on some other criterion that is not optimizing the effort.
 
which are all the ones I listed and which you (and the report) ignore,

Decision to search is based on the officer's perception of "reasonable suspicion".

The factors you list to justify this higher rate of suspicion amount to "Black people do this, this, this and that. Therefore it is reasonable to search them at a higher rate." But then the searches aren't turning up higher rates of found contraband.
 
it was also pointed out to the few who cared about valid evidence, that the blacks who were stopped were much more likely to have outstanding warrants that actually required a search and arrest, and that if you exclude those warrant-based searches, blacks were less likely to be searched.

I don't follow every thread. I could use some linkage as this is relevant.
 
ronburgundy, what would you consider acceptable evidence that black people are being singled out? Yes, acceptable evidence. I repeat again, acceptable evidence.

It's rather clear that Ferguson cops and officials had targeted black people in a big way, and that they repeatedly let their friends off the hook for things that they would eagerly charge black people with committing, like traffic violations.

This defending of targeting of black people means that white people can get away with crimes that are supposedly intolerable when black people commit them. Think about that.
 
ronburgundy, what would you consider acceptable evidence that black people are being singled out?

If I correctly understood his posts, he acknowledges that black people are being singled out but feels that the treatment is justified by various racial covariates and I am to be chastized for ignoring those.
 
which are all the ones I listed and which you (and the report) ignore,

Decision to search is based on the officer's perception of "reasonable suspicion".

The factors you list to justify this higher rate of suspicion amount to "Black people do this, this, this and that. Therefore it is reasonable to search them at a higher rate."

No, the factors I listed were about directly observable information cops would have about the actual driver, passengers, and crimes in that area. The cop never needs to consider or be impacted by his/her own group-level assumptions about how blacks and whites differ on these variables. For example, they pull the car over an run its plates and find it registered to an owner with an outstanding warrant. Prior to ever seeing the driver's race, they already know they will search and arrest the person. If a higher % of black drivers happen to have warrants (and they do both in Ferguson and almost everywhere else in the US), then this completely race-blind decision/requirement to search will lead to more blacks being searched. It is like when you rather randomly call a roofing company in Chicago. Without any racial bias on your part, you are likely to call a company that is polish-owned, because for reasons you have nothing to do with, polish have come to dominate that industry in Chicago.

But then the searches aren't turning up higher rates of found contraband.

Again, they are in fact turning up higher rates of the most dangerous and important contraband, namely weapons, just not the most commonly found contraband which is some small amount of personal use recreational drugs, and mostly pot. It is highly likely that cops do not care much about that contraband and are not searching based on suspicions related to finding that contraband. Cops do not search just on the change that they might find any all forms of contraband. Most don't give a shit if there is a half joint in a passenger's pocket. They care more about serious crimes which are not highly related to whether to minor contraband. Again, unless you think cops should use racial profiling and search based upon the overall past hit rate of that racial group, then quit bringing up that higher contraband, because it has zero relevance to who cops are or should be searching.

Also, warrants require arrest, which requires at least a body search, without any other probable cause. So, for all such searches, factors related to probable contraband have no relevance.
 
OMG! Someone right the DoJ an email stat! They may not realize that it doesn't have to be racism!

It seems odd that those that want to defend the Ferguson police from charges of racism, also at the exact same time want to leap at the DoJ and claim they are the ones making this about race.

Where am I leaping at the DOJ? I am pointing out that the main stat being offered in the media reports and most here as smoking gun evidence of widespread racism is meaningless and uninterpretable without factoring the many well established covariates with race that are also well known to impact (and should impact) the probability of a search. This exact same stat was put forth in the main "Ferguson" thread, and shown to be meaningless then to most of the same folks parroting it yet again now.

What is odd is that the same people leaping to parrot these meaningless stats as "evidence" of racism are the first to completely discount similar types of stats when they seem to work against their pet theory.
What is truly odd is the perception that the DOJ used one and only one measure when it came to its conclusion.
 
ronburgundy, what would you consider acceptable evidence that black people are being singled out? Yes, acceptable evidence. I repeat again, acceptable evidence.

It's rather clear that Ferguson cops and officials had targeted black people in a big way, and that they repeatedly let their friends off the hook for things that they would eagerly charge black people with committing, like traffic violations.

This defending of targeting of black people means that white people can get away with crimes that are supposedly intolerable when black people commit them. Think about that.

Not only that, but many of the black people cited in the report committed no actual crime before being arrested.
 
Also, warrants require arrest, which requires at least a body search, without any other probable cause. So, for all such searches, factors related to probable contraband have no relevance.

And as you can see from the linked articles, probable cause was not needed to arrest, payments of fines were refused or disappeared, and arrest warrents were issued for building code violations.
 
ronburgundy, what would you consider acceptable evidence that black people are being singled out?

First, I already said that the emails are far more valid evidence of racism than any of the stats presented. They are a smoking gun of racism by those cops who sent them, and strong evidence of at least racism-enabling by any cops who saw it and did nothing. It is implausible that the actions of these particular cops would not be impacted by such racism.
As for the statistical patterns being used to infer systematic racism in searches and arrests, I would want to see the the same kind of evidence that any competent social scientists would demand before accepting a paper for publication that made this claim, which not the simple correlations provided as the primary evidence so far (note: differences in rates between groups is just a simple form of correlation where each variable is measured on a categorical scale rather than a continuous one). For this "research" to pass honest peer review in any respectable journal, they would have to, at minimum, show that the differential search rates occur even when comparing blacks and white who have no warrants or any prior record. We already know from far more valid research that blacks and whites differ radically on these variables, and that cops are likely to lower their threshold for search with a warrant or prior record (in fact, they are required to arrest and search with an outstanding). That is a very low bar to expect, and would still leave countless possible factors that might account for the disparity, but since even that low bar is not met, let's start there.


If I correctly understood his posts, he acknowledges that black people are being singled out but feels that the treatment is justified by various racial covariates and

Wrong. "Singled out" means singled out and searched/arrested for being black. The stats about % searched and contraband don't provide evidence for this, because the rates are about what would be expected if non-racist cops searched only based upon person-specific factors like warrants, prior arrests, and crimes in the area where they were driving. These race covariates alone would predict much higher search rates for blacks.
There are also many other factors that should predict searches and that could happen to be correlated with race, but I don't have data to know. These include number and age of people in the car (several 16-25 year olds will raise more suspicion), the reason for the pull over, etc. IOW, the actual behavior and facts about the specific driver (not their race) gives cops more reason to search.

I am to be chastized for ignoring those.
Yes, you are to be chastized for ignoring established empirical facts that strongly predict (if not guarantee) major disparities in search rates even if the searching officers are not at all impacted by the driver's race. Doing so it deliberate irrationality.
 
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