While it should be clear to all adults in the forum that the word "pandemic" is a noun, there's something else here as well.
As I stated before, this is an introductory paragraph in the article. The ideas present in each of the sentences is later explored and supporting facts given. This provides context. Such context does not support an interpretation that SA thinks all deaths were caused by Trump policies.
But there's more than just this examination of context that disambiguates syntactic linkages of the which-clause to different antecedents. There's also going back to the paragraph and observing a
web link in the sentence:
The evidence and the science show that Donald Trump has badly damaged the U.S. and its people—because he rejects evidence and science. The most devastating example is his dishonest and inept response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which
[HERE -->] cost more than 190,000 Americans their lives [<-- HERE] by the middle of September. He has also attacked environmental protections, medical care, and the researchers and public science agencies that help this country prepare for its greatest challenges. That is why we urge you to vote for Joe Biden, who is offering fact-based plans to protect our health, our economy and the environment. These and other proposals he has put forth can set the country back on course for a safer, more prosperous and more equitable future.
The phrase links to statistical data at the CDC website. Nowhere at the CDC site does it say Trump caused these deaths. It's a factual statement of how many deaths there were by mid-September in the US due to covid. To repeat, it's not linking to an extremist website somewhere like at counterpunch or antifa or somewhere I-don't-even-know-where that would claim Trump killed everyone.
I mean you have a sentence that someone could try to claim
syntactically might refer to either Trump's response or the pandemic costing a total of 190,000 deaths by mid-September in the US. Then, you have a supplied link that says the pandemic cost a total of 190,000 deaths by mid-September in the US. You do not have a link that says Trump cost a total of 190,000 deaths by mid-September. But really, the statistic is common knowledge and so this inference ought to be made at the time by a reasonable person.
Frankly, the "Oh so many people around here claim Trump did it" is a sneaky way to insert an attack on other posters. And when we examine those claims by looking at posts we can see that those were exaggerations by Metaphor.
Now, besides this, if one looks further at the article and all the context provided by drilling down into the facts, one can see that other countries are looked at where even when the policies were good, they still resulted in deaths, and so again, one has to make an inference that SA does NOT believe Trump is the cause of 100% of deaths
if those exemplar countries are lauded....and all in the context that even with good policies countries and systems will be strained...they write: "
[t]he pandemic would strain any nation and system..."
The TFT forum, previously FRDB, and previous to that IIDB, has a rich history. This history includes increasing awareness of science and logic, increasing awareness of logical fallacies...debates...debates against Creationists. An exploration of Creationist propaganda--to include frowning upon quote-mining. As rational people we ought not accept biased interpretations based on taking a sentence out of context, but instead in our tradition of logic and analysis, we ought to look at context and use Reason.