In most mammalian species, males compete for access to mates and invest nothing in parenting. The best reproductive outcome is achieved by the males that sire the most offspring (Andersson, 1994; Clutton-Brock, 1989).Men’s parental investment complicates reproductive dynamics. Specifically, men are predicted to show a more mixed reproductive strategy, preferring multiple casual sexual partners and a single (or serial) long-term partner.In the latter relationships, men are predicted to be and are similar to women in many of their mate choice criteria(Geary, 2000; Kenrick et al., 1990). The primary differences are that men are more focused on the physical traits of a long-term mate and less concerned about her cultural success or her potential for cultural success (Buss, 1989;Li et al., 2000). In theory, men should have evolved to focus on those physical attributes of women that are predictive of their reproductive potential, specifically their ability to conceive, carry, and birth healthy children. These traits include age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and breast symmetry, among others (Andersen et al., 2000;Singh, 1993a; Møller et al., 1995; Zaadstra et al., 1993).As predicted, men do indeed focus on these traits when judging the attractiveness of women as potential short term and long-term mates (Kenrick & Keefe, 1992).
Although there is still much to be learned, it has become clear that the evolutionary perspective adds to our understanding of human mate choices and other reproductive and sexual behaviors. It is important to understand that this perspective does not mean there is a single strategy for women and another for men. Rather, how men and women use their reproductive potential is predicted to vary with resource availability, social dynamics (e.g., the OSR), cultural mores, and characteristics of the individual (Flinn & Low, 1986; Pratto & Hegarty, 2000). The goal should not be to debate the utility of evolutionary versus cultural and experiential influences on human sexuality, but rather to study how our evolutionary history interacts with current and developmental circumstances to produce observable mate choice patterns and other aspects of human sexual behavior.