Yes, but they don't typically have to put up walls to prevent the river from flowing over the city.
It's actually quite common. And we have tried and tested architectural thingamabobs to make the cities safe. What USA lacks is a strong central government which plans for this sort of thing. These kinds of things in USA is typically left to the individual cities, no matter their finances. And if they can't pony up the cash, then the population just has to take the hit when it comes. Since humans have a perception bias against doing this kind of risk analysis, nobody is going to take the relevant preventative steps. Experts predicted the Katrina disaster a hundred years before it came. It was just a matter of time.
The American way of "organising" things has it's good sides and bad sides.