tupac chopra
Veteran Member
Does anyone have any links to good studies on vaccines to show their effectiveness. Particularly whooping cough and maybe measles.
Thanks
Thanks
Does anyone have any links to good studies on vaccines to show their effectiveness. Particularly whooping cough and maybe measles.
Thanks
There seems to be limited incidence of outbreaks amongst vaccinated groups. Perhaps due to some who don't respond well to vaccinations, possibly for genetic reasons.Does anyone have any links to good studies on vaccines to show their effectiveness. Particularly whooping cough and maybe measles.
Thanks
Seriously? What better evidence do you need than the almost utter eradication of the measles, pertussis, and rubella among populations following regular vaccination against these diseases during the middle of the 20th century? These diseases formerly infected millions and killed thousands a year, and the only places were we do see outbreaks are among populations that don't vaccinate.
Largest measles epidemic in North America in a decade--Quebec, Canada, 2011: contribution of susceptibility, serendipity, and superspreading events.
De Serres G1, Markowski F, Toth E, Landry M, Auger D, Mercier M, Bélanger P, Turmel B, Arruda H, Boulianne N, Ward BJ, Skowronski DM.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The largest measles epidemic in North America in the last decade, occurred in 2011 in Quebec, Canada, where rates of 1- and 2-dose vaccine coverage among children 3 years of age were 95%-97% and 90%, respectively, with 3%-5% unvaccinated.
METHODS:
Case patients identified through passive surveillance and outbreak investigation were contacted to determine clinical course, vaccination status, and possible source of infection.
RESULTS:
There were 21 measles importations and 725 cases. A superspreading event triggered by 1 importation resulted in sustained transmission and 678 cases. The overall incidence was 9.1 per 100,000; the highest incidence was in adolescents 12-17 years old (75.6 per 100,000), who comprised 56% of case patients. Among adolescents, 22% had received 2 vaccine doses. Outbreak investigation showed this proportion to have been an underestimate; active case finding identified 130% more cases among 2-dose recipients. Two-dose recipients had milder illness and a significantly lower risk of hospitalization than those who were unvaccinated or single-dose recipients.
CONCLUSIONS:
A chance superspreading event revealed an overall level of immunity barely above the elimination threshold when unexpected vulnerability in 2-dose recipients was taken into account. Unvaccinated individuals remain the immunization priority, but a better understanding of susceptibility in 2-dose recipients is needed to define effective interventions if elimination is to be achieved.
Outbreak of measles among persons with prior evidence of immunity, New York City, 2011.
Rosen JB1, Rota JS, Hickman CJ, Sowers SB, Mercader S, Rota PA, Bellini WJ, Huang AJ, Doll MK, Zucker JR, Zimmerman CM.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Measles was eliminated in the United States through high vaccination coverage and a public health system able to rapidly respond to measles. Measles may occur among vaccinated individuals, but secondary transmission from such individuals has not been documented.
METHODS:
Suspected patients and contacts exposed during a measles outbreak in New York City in 2011 were investigated. Medical histories and immunization records were obtained. Cases were confirmed by detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin M and/or RNA. Tests for measles immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, measurement of measles neutralizing antibody titers, and genotyping were performed to characterize the cases.
RESULTS:
The index patient had 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine; of 88 contacts, 4 secondary patients were confirmed who had either 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine or a past positive measles IgG antibody. All patients had laboratory confirmation of measles infection, clinical symptoms consistent with measles, and high-avidity IgG antibody characteristic of a secondary immune response. Neutralizing antibody titers of secondary patients reached >80 000 mIU/mL 3-4 days after rash onset and that of the index was <500 mIU/mL 9 days after rash onset. No additional cases of measles occurred among 231 contacts of secondary patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first report of measles transmission from a twice-vaccinated individual with documented secondary vaccine failure. The clinical presentation and laboratory data of the index patient were typical of measles in a naive individual. Secondary patients had robust anamnestic antibody responses. No tertiary cases occurred despite numerous contacts. This outbreak underscores the need for thorough epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of suspected cases of measles regardless of vaccination status.
The fact that for decades that outbreaks among the unvaccinated in the US would definitely speak well to the vaccinations. We've only just been seeing outbreaks amongst the unvaccinated because more and more people are reckless, ignorant fuckers and not vaccinating their children.There seems to be limited incidence of outbreaks amongst vaccinated groups. Perhaps due to some who don't respond well to vaccinations, possibly for genetic reasons.Seriously? What better evidence do you need than the almost utter eradication of the measles, pertussis, and rubella among populations following regular vaccination against these diseases during the middle of the 20th century? These diseases formerly infected millions and killed thousands a year, and the only places were we do see outbreaks are among populations that don't vaccinate.
The fact that for decades that outbreaks among the unvaccinated in the US would definitely speak well to the vaccinations. We've only just been seeing outbreaks amongst the unvaccinated because more and more people are reckless, ignorant fuckers and not vaccinating their children.There seems to be limited incidence of outbreaks amongst vaccinated groups. Perhaps due to some who don't respond well to vaccinations, possibly for genetic reasons.
There seems to be limited incidence of outbreaks amongst vaccinated groups. Perhaps due to some who don't respond well to vaccinations, possibly for genetic reasons.Seriously? What better evidence do you need than the almost utter eradication of the measles, pertussis, and rubella among populations following regular vaccination against these diseases during the middle of the 20th century? These diseases formerly infected millions and killed thousands a year, and the only places were we do see outbreaks are among populations that don't vaccinate.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23264672
Largest measles epidemic in North America in a decade--Quebec, Canada, 2011: contribution of susceptibility, serendipity, and superspreading events.
De Serres G1, Markowski F, Toth E, Landry M, Auger D, Mercier M, Bélanger P, Turmel B, Arruda H, Boulianne N, Ward BJ, Skowronski DM.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The largest measles epidemic in North America in the last decade, occurred in 2011 in Quebec, Canada, where rates of 1- and 2-dose vaccine coverage among children 3 years of age were 95%-97% and 90%, respectively, with 3%-5% unvaccinated.
METHODS:
Case patients identified through passive surveillance and outbreak investigation were contacted to determine clinical course, vaccination status, and possible source of infection.
RESULTS:
There were 21 measles importations and 725 cases. A superspreading event triggered by 1 importation resulted in sustained transmission and 678 cases. The overall incidence was 9.1 per 100,000; the highest incidence was in adolescents 12-17 years old (75.6 per 100,000), who comprised 56% of case patients. Among adolescents, 22% had received 2 vaccine doses. Outbreak investigation showed this proportion to have been an underestimate; active case finding identified 130% more cases among 2-dose recipients. Two-dose recipients had milder illness and a significantly lower risk of hospitalization than those who were unvaccinated or single-dose recipients.
CONCLUSIONS:
A chance superspreading event revealed an overall level of immunity barely above the elimination threshold when unexpected vulnerability in 2-dose recipients was taken into account. Unvaccinated individuals remain the immunization priority, but a better understanding of susceptibility in 2-dose recipients is needed to define effective interventions if elimination is to be achieved.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24585562
Outbreak of measles among persons with prior evidence of immunity, New York City, 2011.
Rosen JB1, Rota JS, Hickman CJ, Sowers SB, Mercader S, Rota PA, Bellini WJ, Huang AJ, Doll MK, Zucker JR, Zimmerman CM.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Measles was eliminated in the United States through high vaccination coverage and a public health system able to rapidly respond to measles. Measles may occur among vaccinated individuals, but secondary transmission from such individuals has not been documented.
METHODS:
Suspected patients and contacts exposed during a measles outbreak in New York City in 2011 were investigated. Medical histories and immunization records were obtained. Cases were confirmed by detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin M and/or RNA. Tests for measles immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, measurement of measles neutralizing antibody titers, and genotyping were performed to characterize the cases.
RESULTS:
The index patient had 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine; of 88 contacts, 4 secondary patients were confirmed who had either 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine or a past positive measles IgG antibody. All patients had laboratory confirmation of measles infection, clinical symptoms consistent with measles, and high-avidity IgG antibody characteristic of a secondary immune response. Neutralizing antibody titers of secondary patients reached >80 000 mIU/mL 3-4 days after rash onset and that of the index was <500 mIU/mL 9 days after rash onset. No additional cases of measles occurred among 231 contacts of secondary patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first report of measles transmission from a twice-vaccinated individual with documented secondary vaccine failure. The clinical presentation and laboratory data of the index patient were typical of measles in a naive individual. Secondary patients had robust anamnestic antibody responses. No tertiary cases occurred despite numerous contacts. This outbreak underscores the need for thorough epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of suspected cases of measles regardless of vaccination status.
It's a weird problem because studies have shown that presenting anti-vaxxers with evidence they're wrong often entrenches their beliefs even further. You can literally stand there and say something like: "1000 studies have shown that you are irrefutably incorrect about your beliefs", and it won't change their mind, and may even make the problem worse.
So what do we do when presenting someone with evidence doesn't work? What do we do when whatever neural mechanisms people have in place literally make them resistant to understanding reality? What do we do when there are forces (financial incentives) in play that exploit this fact? How do people that are a force for good actually make an impact?
... Thankfully, mass vaccination can confer enough immunity at the population level that pathogens cannot maintain their own populations. Indeed, for some diseases this has effectively meant eradication. For others, it keeps outbreaks isolated and rare. ...
... Thankfully, mass vaccination can confer enough immunity at the population level that pathogens cannot maintain their own populations. Indeed, for some diseases this has effectively meant eradication. For others, it keeps outbreaks isolated and rare. ...
This is what anti-vac'sers should be made away of. They're free-loaders. It's not so obvious that they haven't contracted polio or smallpox because their friends and neighbors have had the vaccine. They narrow-mindedly look at their own situation and find the probability of getting the disease as very low, so it carries little weight in the attitude they choose to take. Basically it's the only way they can justify their choice without appearing selfish.
Vaccines are, for the most part, pretty bullet-proof technology. The reason they work is because it's not the vaccines themselves that protect you, but your own immune system, stimulated by the vaccines. The immune response your body would give if it was exposed to live virus, is triggered by inactive virii or compounds, which confers immunity to the live virus for some length of time.
So there is literally no other possible method that could be more effective at resisting virii than vaccines, because it's actually just your innate immunity. The only time they might not work is if you have a weak immune system, or if you've taken a flu vaccine which is only taking a stab at a virus that mutates.
Damn. I so liked Marin county.
... Thankfully, mass vaccination can confer enough immunity at the population level that pathogens cannot maintain their own populations. Indeed, for some diseases this has effectively meant eradication. For others, it keeps outbreaks isolated and rare. ...
This is what anti-vac'sers should be made away of. They're free-loaders. It's not so obvious that they haven't contracted polio or smallpox because their friends and neighbors have had the vaccine. They narrow-mindedly look at their own situation and find the probability of getting the disease as very low, so it carries little weight in the attitude they choose to tak.
Anti vaccine people are not entirely stupid people, they are simply scared over something they don't fully understand. What is driving that fear are the con artists that want to make money off of the capitalistic conspiracy books.
They see a positive correlation of something that harms their children, and that is the core of their fear.