bilby
Fair dinkum thinkum
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The most simple explanation as to why there is regular inconsistency between polling and vote results is election fraud inflating the results in favor of republicans.
Certainly wouldn't dismiss that explanation. But there are definitely others to consider. And the reality is probably a combination of various factors.
Another possibility is that pollsters aren't that good at predicting who exactly will vote. I honestly believe that a huge part of the reason that Clinton seriously underperformed the polling is that lots of people were so confident that she'd win, they didn't bother to go vote themselves. How can pollsters accurately control for "overconfidence"?
Tom
The obvious and most democratic solution is the one we have here - make voting mandatory, and turnout becomes a non-issue.
Obviously the GOP would do pretty much anything to prevent such a disaster. But it would be great for Americans in general.
Of course, it's a secret ballot, so voting isn't actually mandatory here at all; Participation is mandatory, but there's nothing at all to prevent a voter from submitting a blank or spoiled paper as a protest. I have worked counting votes for the AEC, and some people make an art form of submitting an "informal" (ie uncountable) vote. The AEC still just tally them as informal though, so the people who write policy essays on their papers are wasting their time. Some seem to genuinely think that the Prime Minister will read what they submitted. Of course, others prefer profanity, or crude depictions of genitalia. Regardless, the informal vote is typically around five percent, and turnout is around 95%, so the vast majority of eligible voters do cast countable ballots.