I originally posted this in the Shakespeare Authorship Controvery thread, but I don't think it will do anything there. So let me try it here:
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As a little quiz:
Can anyone tell me why this line, by Shakespeare:
Attest in little place a million.
Is far superior than the line as it might have been written by a lesser poet:
Attest a million in a little place.
?
Let your ears and your breath do the work, not just your brain.
I can think of a few reasons, but I'd be curious to hear yours first.
It's funny, I've been trying to revise a few of my poems where I'm not happy with the imagery, but when I change the imagery I change the rhythm and the poem stops working. Which may be what you're hinting at here: rhythm and emphasis. In my view Shakespeare's line rolls off the tongue and emphasizes a more colourful word.
Although I find the second line more readable, and I think too much of the former can confuse meaning. That's the issue I often find with Shakespeare, his meaning can be too shrouded. To me a balance between the two approaches is what I'd do.
Thanks for responding, rousseau.
You wrote this:
In my view Shakespeare's line rolls off the tongue and emphasizes a more colourful word.
Yes, it rolls off the tongue, and the key word (the more "colourful word, in your phrase) "million" is put at the end of the line.
In iambic pentameter, Shakespeare literally forces the reader to pronounce "million" with three syllables:
att/EST in LITT/le PLACE/ a/ MILL/i/ON (uppercase stressed, lowercase unstressed.)
The line comes from the beginning of Henry the Fifth, and the opening monologue by the chorus is in standard IP, with the Bard's usual substitutions and idiosyncrasies.
What the placement of "million" at the end of the line does is compel the reader to pronounce the word with three syllables. As unnatural as it sounds, since most of us pronounce "million" as two syllables. And such was the case in Shakespeare's day.
So, what the poet is doing is conveying the magnitude of the word "million", by compelling the listener (reader mainly) to add a syllable which would not be natural or reflexive.
The extra syllable in this case (in this line) represents the sheer magnitude that the word "million" signifies.
Derek Jacobi and several other actors I have seen realize this and give the word it's extra breath, it's extra syllable, to emphasize the magnitude of the word.
Some actors do NOT do this, but wreck the line by treating the word "million" as a feminine ending, which would make the line iambic tetrameter instead of pentameter.
A good actor will see that the word "million", placed at the end of the line, requires more emphasis, and that extra syllable; a poor actor will not (nor will a poor reader).
The poetry of William Shakespeare is rife with such things, which to the ordinary person is unnoticeable.
Here is a great video featuring the great actor Ian McKellen discussing a passage from Shakespeare's MacBeth. PLEASE watch it, rousseau, and anyone else interested in poetry and its power.
McKellen does a fantastic job of explaining exactly how superb Shakespeare was, and even gets (often merely by mention) into things like line length, meter, etc.