The vast economic downside of deporting and/or substantially limiting immigrants into the US

[robnisch]

When I was a kid we picked crops in the summer.
A lot of farmers used migrate workers.
There were even some whites who migrated with the crops, they usually had cars.
Why can't we have a special agg work visa?
Oh, I forgot "brown people bad".

 

[jonatha]

Why can't we have a special agg work visa?

We do.

Dunno how many Federal employees DOGE has allowed to remain to process them though...

 

[bilby]

Why can't we have a special agg egg work visa?

FTFY.

 

[southernhybrid]

Eggs are about 5 bucks dozen here, but since I don't like eggs, I could give a shit about the price of eggs. Mr. Sohy eats one egg a day and he even shares it with the dogs. He makes a burrito out of it. However, he will likely be paying a lot more for his avocado soon, as most of them come from Mexico. I really don't get this obsession with the price of eggs since there are so many other more important things to concern us and so many other sources of food.

The articles I linked in the OP seemed to be pretty well researched so I think we are in denial if we don't realize the damage that keeping immigrants out means. We have 6 Mexican restaurants in my small city and they are primarily staffed with immigrants. So far, they haven't been afraid to come to work, so no problems yet. American aren't going to pick food. It's been tried before. Americans aren't up to the task, but a lot of immigrants are able and willing to do hard work as the price to come here legally. I've known a few who were very happy with their lives here, even if they did construction work, restaurant work or worked in long term care. They just don't wan to live in fear of being deported Some were able to move up to better jobs after a few years. Of course, they should be paid an adequate salary, which doesn't always happen. We are very dependent on immigrant labor, and it's will get worse as the country ages. I have no problem giving these folks a pathway to citizenship, if they desire. But, the xenophobes don't want that.

Almost every aide and LPN in the nursing home where my mother spent the last two years of her life were immigrants. They were likely all legal, but the felon seems to be against bringing in more immigrants unless they are wealthy or white and educated. That's not who we need the most right now.

I am not as pessimist about the Trump supporters, as they aren't all in the cult and when their SS payments don't arrive, they have to pay a lot more for food, and other essentials, it will finally dawn on them that the felon is the real problem it's just going to take some time to get more people to open their eyes. Considering how much the stock market has dropped over the past two weeks, even the wealthy ones will realize they were wrong for supporting the idiot. I read this morning that SS might collapse and we might miss our monthly payments for awhile. They can't blame that shit on the Dems for too long, when Trump and Musk are tearing things apart. Even the dumbest Cult member will wise up a bit when the SS payment isn't in their checking account, or the nursing home a parent is in stops getting funded or staffed etc.

If I find any more researched articles, I'll add them. Otherwise, I've said enough.

 

[TSwizzle]

Eggs are $10.99 a dozen at my store (Lucky). If they ever get down to $6 dozen, I will be dancing in the streets.

I go to Costco, eggs are $4.34 a dozen. Stores like Ralph's or Vons are about double that.

 

[Elixir]

A severe and sudden downturn in the markets does not affect billionaires. So Tesla loses 50% of its value- who cares? Not Leon. It won’t affect his ability to buy eggs or elections. The ones who get hurt are those who panic and those who cannot ride it out. The latter group loses BIGLY.

I can’t stand those yellow yolks with runny whites … I’d rather pay 2x for fresh eggs that have red/orange yolks and don’t spread out in the pan like water.
Real free range eggs are a whole other food group from the $1 $3 $5/dozen factory eggs.

 

[ZiprHead]

As far as agriculture goes we already have previewed the results in the sugar beet industry. Foreign labor was banned from the industry decades ago in Colorado and Wyoming and the industry in those areas died. The fields went fallow and the processing plants were abandoned. As a result the US went from being one of the largest exporters of sugar to now being one of the largest importers of sugar. The same will happen with all of our agriculture and food processing.
If we think that being dependent on foreign oil is bad, wait till its food.

Michigan is a big sugar beet growing state. All the farms use harvester equipped tractors. They then go into double bottom semi trailers usually uncovered so when the trailer hit a bump a beet bounces out and onto the car behind it. There are processing plants all around the area. No human harvesting at all.

 

[ZiprHead]

Eggs are $10.99 a dozen at my store (Lucky). If they ever get down to $6 dozen, I will be dancing in the streets.

I go to Costco, eggs are $4.34 a dozen. Stores like Ralph's or Vons are about double that.

Costco?!? Socialist! JK.

 

[SLD]

re the OP, I heartily agree. I would add one other point about foreign workers - they pay taxes, in particular, they pay Social Security taxes, and their employer matches those contributions. Right now, sometime in the mid 30's the SS trust fund is going to run out and at that point receipts will only equal about 82% of payouts. So something will have to give. Most likely there will have be benefit cuts. I doubt that congress will raise the taxes on the billionaires to pay for the extra 18% they need. We need more workers - it is as simple as that. More workers is the key to future success.

I would also add that we limited immigration by 80% in 1924, thinking we couldn't handle all these daggum furriners. 5 years later the economy went into free fall. Coincidence? Well, I think the collapse had multiple causes, growing income inequality for one (uhhhh, wait.), but I say we are headed for a serious, serious downturn.

It might be good for us though. It might break the grip that the orange turd has on so many people.

 

[thebeave]

Anyone with at least an average IQ realized that deporting or substantially limiting new immigrants into the US would eventually have a negative impact on our economy, but the evidence is starting to become apparent. I will "gift" an article that goes into a lot of detail regarding this problem and hope others will find more sources regarding this issue.

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/09/...e_code=1.2k4.7YJ8.dAbiyLZnNAHO&smid=url-share

Fearing roundups, many immigrants are staying home. Construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality employers say labor shortages will worsen.

The railroad tracks that slice through downtown Freehold, N.J., used to be lined by dozens of men, waiting for work. Each morning, the men — day laborers, almost all from Latin America and undocumented — would be scooped up by local contractors in pickup trucks for jobs painting, landscaping, removing debris.

In recent weeks, the tracks have been desolate. On a gray February morning, a laborer named Mario, who came from Mexico two decades ago, said it was the quietest he could remember.

“Because of the president, we have a fear,” said Mario, 55, who agreed to be interviewed on the condition that only his first name would be used because he is undocumented. His two sons are also in the United States illegally; one works in paving, the other in home construction. “We are in difficult times,” he said.

This scene has been playing out on the streets of Freehold, on the farms of California’s Central Valley, in nursing homes in Arizona, in Georgia poultry plants and in Chicago restaurants.


Fear has gripped America’s undocumented workers. Many are staying home.

The impact is being felt not only in immigrant homes and communities, but also in the industries that rely on immigrants as a source of willing and inexpensive labor, including residential construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality. American consumers will soon feel the pain.

“Businesses across industries know what comes next when their work force disappears — restaurants, coffee shops and grocery stores struggling to stay open, food prices soaring, and everyday Americans demanding action,” said Rebecca Shi, chief executive of the American Business Immigration Coalition.

An estimated 20 percent of the U.S. labor force is foreign born, and millions of immigrant workers lack legal immigration status.Hundreds of thousands more have been shielded from deportation and have work permits under a program called temporary protected status, offered to nationals of countries in upheaval, which has enabled corporate giants like Amazon and large commercial builders to hire them. But Mr. Trump has already announced that he will phase out the program, starting with Venezuelan and Haitian beneficiaries.

Refugees from around the globe, who have settled in the United States after fleeing persecution, have supplied a steady pipeline of low-skilled labor for poultry plants, warehouses and manufacturing. But that pipeline could dry up since Mr. Trump shut down the U.S. refugee program. Last month, a federal judge restored it temporarily while a lawsuit is pending, but the program remains at a standstill and no refugees are arriving.

The White House did not respond to questions about the strategy of deportations and how the Trump administration envisions filling the gaps left behind by the immigrant work force.

Leaders of industries that are the most exposed warn that the impact will be widespread, with far-reaching consequences for consumers and employers.

Kezia Scales, vice president at PHI, a national research and advocacy organization focused on long-term care for older adults and people with disabilities, said her industry was already facing a “recruitment crisis.”

“If immigrants are prevented from entering this work force or are forced to leave the country by restrictive immigration policies and rhetoric,” she said, “we will face systems collapse and catastrophic consequences for millions of people who rely on these workers.”

There is a lot more in the article and I suggest you read all of it, as it's full of good information, as well as the price we will all pay if the felon continues to deport and scare hard working immigrants. Our immigration system needs to be improved, but this isn't the way to do it. Almost all of come from immigrant ancestors and the hatred and xenophobia is dangerous. Maybe the country needs to suffer greatly before more people will appreciate the contributions of poor immigrants. Right now, I doubt many want to come here as Trump is making the country a potentially dangerous autocracy. We are on a speeding train heading for a wreck, so hold on tight! And the fucking conservative Christians who were supposed to "love they neighbor as thyself" are largely to blame for this fucked up mess too. Hypocrites!

Did we see a huge negative impact on our economy due to mass deportations when Obama was in office? I don't recall such an economic impact, but maybe I wasn't paying close enough attention. Or maybe I don't have even an average IQ as the OP claims.

From back in 2017, during Trump's first term:

Obama Vs. Trump: Who Has Deported More Immigrants?

For a Democrat, Obama took a fairly tough stance, particularly early in his presidency, toward undocumented immigrants. In March 2014, Janet Murguía, president of the National Council on La Raza, a Latino advocacy group, called Obama "the deporter-in-chief."

It was a criticism that activists leveled at Obama throughout his presidency. From 2009 to 2016, his administration oversaw the forcible removal of more than 3 million undocumented immigrants—most of whom were sent back to Mexico. Neither Bill Clinton, nor George W. Bush, Obama's two predecessors, came close in reaching his tally over their two terms.

 

[laughing dog]

Anyone with at least an average IQ realized that deporting or substantially limiting new immigrants into the US would eventually have a negative impact on our economy, but the evidence is starting to become apparent. I will "gift" an article that goes into a lot of detail regarding this problem and hope others will find more sources regarding this issue.

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/09/...e_code=1.2k4.7YJ8.dAbiyLZnNAHO&smid=url-share

Fearing roundups, many immigrants are staying home. Construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality employers say labor shortages will worsen.

The railroad tracks that slice through downtown Freehold, N.J., used to be lined by dozens of men, waiting for work. Each morning, the men — day laborers, almost all from Latin America and undocumented — would be scooped up by local contractors in pickup trucks for jobs painting, landscaping, removing debris.

In recent weeks, the tracks have been desolate. On a gray February morning, a laborer named Mario, who came from Mexico two decades ago, said it was the quietest he could remember.

“Because of the president, we have a fear,” said Mario, 55, who agreed to be interviewed on the condition that only his first name would be used because he is undocumented. His two sons are also in the United States illegally; one works in paving, the other in home construction. “We are in difficult times,” he said.

This scene has been playing out on the streets of Freehold, on the farms of California’s Central Valley, in nursing homes in Arizona, in Georgia poultry plants and in Chicago restaurants.


Fear has gripped America’s undocumented workers. Many are staying home.

The impact is being felt not only in immigrant homes and communities, but also in the industries that rely on immigrants as a source of willing and inexpensive labor, including residential construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality. American consumers will soon feel the pain.

“Businesses across industries know what comes next when their work force disappears — restaurants, coffee shops and grocery stores struggling to stay open, food prices soaring, and everyday Americans demanding action,” said Rebecca Shi, chief executive of the American Business Immigration Coalition.

An estimated 20 percent of the U.S. labor force is foreign born, and millions of immigrant workers lack legal immigration status.Hundreds of thousands more have been shielded from deportation and have work permits under a program called temporary protected status, offered to nationals of countries in upheaval, which has enabled corporate giants like Amazon and large commercial builders to hire them. But Mr. Trump has already announced that he will phase out the program, starting with Venezuelan and Haitian beneficiaries.

Refugees from around the globe, who have settled in the United States after fleeing persecution, have supplied a steady pipeline of low-skilled labor for poultry plants, warehouses and manufacturing. But that pipeline could dry up since Mr. Trump shut down the U.S. refugee program. Last month, a federal judge restored it temporarily while a lawsuit is pending, but the program remains at a standstill and no refugees are arriving.

The White House did not respond to questions about the strategy of deportations and how the Trump administration envisions filling the gaps left behind by the immigrant work force.

Leaders of industries that are the most exposed warn that the impact will be widespread, with far-reaching consequences for consumers and employers.

Kezia Scales, vice president at PHI, a national research and advocacy organization focused on long-term care for older adults and people with disabilities, said her industry was already facing a “recruitment crisis.”

“If immigrants are prevented from entering this work force or are forced to leave the country by restrictive immigration policies and rhetoric,” she said, “we will face systems collapse and catastrophic consequences for millions of people who rely on these workers.”

There is a lot more in the article and I suggest you read all of it, as it's full of good information, as well as the price we will all pay if the felon continues to deport and scare hard working immigrants. Our immigration system needs to be improved, but this isn't the way to do it. Almost all of come from immigrant ancestors and the hatred and xenophobia is dangerous. Maybe the country needs to suffer greatly before more people will appreciate the contributions of poor immigrants. Right now, I doubt many want to come here as Trump is making the country a potentially dangerous autocracy. We are on a speeding train heading for a wreck, so hold on tight! And the fucking conservative Christians who were supposed to "love they neighbor as thyself" are largely to blame for this fucked up mess too. Hypocrites!

Did we see a huge negative impact on our economy due to mass deportations when Obama was in office? I don't recall such an economic impact, but maybe I wasn't paying close enough attention. Or maybe I don't have even an average IQ as the OP claims.

From back in 2017, during Trump's first term:

Obama Vs. Trump: Who Has Deported More Immigrants?

For a Democrat, Obama took a fairly tough stance, particularly early in his presidency, toward undocumented immigrants. In March 2014, Janet Murguía, president of the National Council on La Raza, a Latino advocacy group, called Obama "the deporter-in-chief."

It was a criticism that activists leveled at Obama throughout his presidency. From 2009 to 2016, his administration oversaw the forcible removal of more than 3 million undocumented immigrants—most of whom were sent back to Mexico. Neither Bill Clinton, nor George W. Bush, Obama's two predecessors, came close in reaching his tally over their two terms.

Mr Trump is talking about deportation levels more than double Obama's. If you had read your own link, you'd see that Trump is talking bout deporting 8 million people in 4 years while Obama deported around 3 million over 8 years.

Of course, Mr. Trump is prone to "exagerration".

 

[thebeave]

Anyone with at least an average IQ realized that deporting or substantially limiting new immigrants into the US would eventually have a negative impact on our economy, but the evidence is starting to become apparent. I will "gift" an article that goes into a lot of detail regarding this problem and hope others will find more sources regarding this issue.

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/09/...e_code=1.2k4.7YJ8.dAbiyLZnNAHO&smid=url-share

Fearing roundups, many immigrants are staying home. Construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality employers say labor shortages will worsen.

The railroad tracks that slice through downtown Freehold, N.J., used to be lined by dozens of men, waiting for work. Each morning, the men — day laborers, almost all from Latin America and undocumented — would be scooped up by local contractors in pickup trucks for jobs painting, landscaping, removing debris.

In recent weeks, the tracks have been desolate. On a gray February morning, a laborer named Mario, who came from Mexico two decades ago, said it was the quietest he could remember.

“Because of the president, we have a fear,” said Mario, 55, who agreed to be interviewed on the condition that only his first name would be used because he is undocumented. His two sons are also in the United States illegally; one works in paving, the other in home construction. “We are in difficult times,” he said.

This scene has been playing out on the streets of Freehold, on the farms of California’s Central Valley, in nursing homes in Arizona, in Georgia poultry plants and in Chicago restaurants.


Fear has gripped America’s undocumented workers. Many are staying home.

The impact is being felt not only in immigrant homes and communities, but also in the industries that rely on immigrants as a source of willing and inexpensive labor, including residential construction, agriculture, senior care and hospitality. American consumers will soon feel the pain.

“Businesses across industries know what comes next when their work force disappears — restaurants, coffee shops and grocery stores struggling to stay open, food prices soaring, and everyday Americans demanding action,” said Rebecca Shi, chief executive of the American Business Immigration Coalition.

An estimated 20 percent of the U.S. labor force is foreign born, and millions of immigrant workers lack legal immigration status.Hundreds of thousands more have been shielded from deportation and have work permits under a program called temporary protected status, offered to nationals of countries in upheaval, which has enabled corporate giants like Amazon and large commercial builders to hire them. But Mr. Trump has already announced that he will phase out the program, starting with Venezuelan and Haitian beneficiaries.

Refugees from around the globe, who have settled in the United States after fleeing persecution, have supplied a steady pipeline of low-skilled labor for poultry plants, warehouses and manufacturing. But that pipeline could dry up since Mr. Trump shut down the U.S. refugee program. Last month, a federal judge restored it temporarily while a lawsuit is pending, but the program remains at a standstill and no refugees are arriving.

The White House did not respond to questions about the strategy of deportations and how the Trump administration envisions filling the gaps left behind by the immigrant work force.

Leaders of industries that are the most exposed warn that the impact will be widespread, with far-reaching consequences for consumers and employers.

Kezia Scales, vice president at PHI, a national research and advocacy organization focused on long-term care for older adults and people with disabilities, said her industry was already facing a “recruitment crisis.”

“If immigrants are prevented from entering this work force or are forced to leave the country by restrictive immigration policies and rhetoric,” she said, “we will face systems collapse and catastrophic consequences for millions of people who rely on these workers.”

There is a lot more in the article and I suggest you read all of it, as it's full of good information, as well as the price we will all pay if the felon continues to deport and scare hard working immigrants. Our immigration system needs to be improved, but this isn't the way to do it. Almost all of come from immigrant ancestors and the hatred and xenophobia is dangerous. Maybe the country needs to suffer greatly before more people will appreciate the contributions of poor immigrants. Right now, I doubt many want to come here as Trump is making the country a potentially dangerous autocracy. We are on a speeding train heading for a wreck, so hold on tight! And the fucking conservative Christians who were supposed to "love they neighbor as thyself" are largely to blame for this fucked up mess too. Hypocrites!

Did we see a huge negative impact on our economy due to mass deportations when Obama was in office? I don't recall such an economic impact, but maybe I wasn't paying close enough attention. Or maybe I don't have even an average IQ as the OP claims.

From back in 2017, during Trump's first term:

Obama Vs. Trump: Who Has Deported More Immigrants?

For a Democrat, Obama took a fairly tough stance, particularly early in his presidency, toward undocumented immigrants. In March 2014, Janet Murguía, president of the National Council on La Raza, a Latino advocacy group, called Obama "the deporter-in-chief."

It was a criticism that activists leveled at Obama throughout his presidency. From 2009 to 2016, his administration oversaw the forcible removal of more than 3 million undocumented immigrants—most of whom were sent back to Mexico. Neither Bill Clinton, nor George W. Bush, Obama's two predecessors, came close in reaching his tally over their two terms.

Mr Trump is talking about deportation levels more than double Obama's. If you had read your own link, you'd see that Trump is talking bout deporting 8 million people in 4 years while Obama deported around 3 million over 8 years.

Of course, Mr. Trump is prone to "exagerration".

So, what are you implying? That there was no economic effect on Obama's level of deportations, but twice that amount will cause economic disruption? Not sure about that.

 

[laughing dog]

So, what are you implying? That there was no economic effect on Obama's level of deportations, but twice that amount will cause economic disruption? Not sure about that.

Trump’s deportation plan, if carried out, is twice the size in half the time of Obama’s, so I would expect Trump’s plan to have a much more noticeable effect.

 

[Elixir]

So, what are you implying? That there was no economic effect on Obama's level of deportations, but twice that amount will cause economic disruption? Not sure about that.

Trump’s deportation plan, if carried out, is twice the size in half the time of Obama’s, so I would expect Trump’s plan to have a much more noticeable effect.

Trump could deport one 14 year old girl and have a more noticeable effect (on voters) than Biden deporting a hundred thousand. Trump won’t stop talking about her every time someone complains about The Others.
If you ask a Trumper, the little girl shows trump is serious about deportation and Biden deporting a hundred thousand is sleepy Joe showing off and not doing enough.

 

[Tigers!]

I would have thought that more effort, time, money in getting suitable people as citizens would have been more benefictal in the long run.
Looks like that can was continually kicked down the road until it cannot be kicked any more.

If so many people are entering/attacted to the US then what are the source countries doing about it? Are they happy or pleased that are losing so many productive, industrious people? What conditions are driving people to the US? Apart from the wonderful political system?

 

[bilby]

Are they happy or pleased that are losing so many productive, industrious people?

Mostly they are not losing anyone. A big chunk of migrants are seasonal workers - they go to the USA to work, then take their earnings and go home.

Many of those who are more long-term migrants are sending money home to their families, boosting the economies of their countries of origin.

 

[thebeave]

Eggs are $10.99 a dozen at my store (Lucky). If they ever get down to $6 dozen, I will be dancing in the streets.

I go to Costco, eggs are $4.34 a dozen. Stores like Ralph's or Vons are about double that.

There is a Costco pretty near my house, but the parking lots are always jam packed. I went in a couple of times on a guest pass and the lines and chaos was appalling. I could never make going there a habit.

 

[thebeave]

So, what are you implying? That there was no economic effect on Obama's level of deportations, but twice that amount will cause economic disruption? Not sure about that.

Trump’s deportation plan, if carried out, is twice the size in half the time of Obama’s, so I would expect Trump’s plan to have a much more noticeable effect.

So, you're saying Obama's deportations did have a noticeable effect. Is there evidence for that somewhere? And where's the evidence that Trump's plan at twice the numbers would have a "much more" noticeable effect? How do you know its not three or four times before getting that "much more" noticeable effect?

 

[southernhybrid]

https://immresearch.org/publication...f-mass-deportation-whats-at-risk-in-new-york/

The above link discusses how removing large numbers of immigrants in New York will impact the economics of NY. Lost of well researched information in this one.

The Trump Administration is promising an unprecedented intensity of enforcement actions aimed at removing immigrants from their communities, their workplace, and often from their families. In many cases this may result in deportations, in many others it may mean indefinite incarceration in detention centers. The new administration is also promising to radically reduce the number of new immigrants allowed into the country, and to strip some immigrants of status they currently hold.

The immigrants most vulnerable are those who are undocumented. But the impact does not end there. People who have temporary visas may see them terminated or unrenewed. People with temporary protected status, asylum seekers, DACA recipients, and many others are also in a precarious position.

There are far-reaching social and humanitarian implications of this type of enforcement regime. But there is also an economic risk that can be quantified.

Immigrants are a vital part of the New York State economy.

• There are 4.5 million immigrants in New York State, including 1.8 million who are non-citizens, and among those an estimated 670,000 who are undocumented. <a>1</a>
• Non-citizens include green card holders, as well as a number of people who are at risk of deportation or removal of immigration status, including those who are undocumented, people eligible for Temporary Protected Status, DACA recipients, H1-B and H2-A visa holders, asylum seekers, and others.

Deporting immigrants will come at a significant fiscal cost to New York State and local governments.

• In 2022, people who are undocumented paid an estimated $3.1 billion in state and local taxes in New York. <a>2</a>

• Deporting over 600,000 people from New York State poses enormous logistical challenges, not to mention opposition based on legal and human rights issues. If, however, just one out of ten people who are undocumented were deported or put into detention camps, that would result in a loss of $310 million in state and local tax revenue. This is approximately the cost of extending free school meals to all children in New York public schools.
• These projected impacts underestimate the actual loss, since they do not include calculation of the disruption to businesses and communities of conducting raids and other actions, the impacts to family members who lose a breadwinner, or the costs to the foster care system for children who wind up without parents in the United States.
• There may be some offsetting savings in state and local expenditures, but these are likely to be small since recent immigrants and people who are undocumented are excluded from many public benefits. At the same time, there will be new costs to state and local governments associated with deportation and detention.
• A better approach would be to make it possible for people who are undocumented to gain legal status. That approach would increase New York state and local tax revenues by $900 million. <a>3</a>

Rescinding status and restricting immigration will further hurt the New York economy.

New York also stands to lose a lot if the Trump Administration follows through on threats to remove the temporary status of immigrants who have it today, to radically change the treatment of asylum seekers, and to shut down refugee resettlement.

At risk include an estimated 68,000 people in New York with Temporary Protected Status, <a>4</a> 21,000 active DACA recipients, <a>5</a> and 62,000 asylum seekers currently in New York City-funded shelters and 215,000 who have passed through the New York City processing system since the spring of 2022 (a number of whom have since left New York City, including to other parts of New York State). <a>6</a>

 

[southernhybrid]

https://carsey.unh.edu/sites/defaul...e-review-economic-impact-mass-deportation.pdf

The above link does discuss the negative impact of deporting large number of unauthorized immigrants in the past as well as in the future, so of course it's not just what Trump is trying to do, but his plans at least to me, are more chaotic, and cruel. Since the population is a lot older than it was in previous generations and the birth rate is a lot lower, removing more immigrants now is likely to have an even more negative impact on the economy than it did in some of the past removals of immigrants.

Past deportations have harmed U.S. workers with lost jobs and lower wages. For example, the deporta- tion of 454,000 immigrant workers not authorized to be in the United States from 2008 to 2015 reduced the employment share of U.S.-born work- ers by 0.5 percent and reduced their hourly wages by 0.6 percent.

Future large-scale deportations have been estimated to reduce the size of the U.S. economy. Estimates of U.S. eco- nomic loss range from 2.6 percent to 6.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product (the most widely used measure of national income). At 2023 levels those equate to losses to the economy of between $711 billion and $1.7 trillion.

Employment losses for future mass deportation have been estimated to be as high as 3.6 percent.