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What happens as we see a first world country's demographic crisis

Ok, then can you demonstrate the mechanism by which the wealth of a nation leads to a lower birthrate, if not by making childcare costs much more expensive?
I already suggested a mechanism by which a third factor could be causal in both, leading to a correlation that is not causal.

my strong suspicion is that the underlying cause of both high birth rates and poverty is a lack of educational opportunities, and that it's education that's the major factor.

The wealth of a nation may well NOT lead to a lower birth rate; Rather, the availability of education may lead BOTH to a wealthy nation, AND to lower birth rates.

You're asking me to suggest a mechanism by which increased ice-cream consumption leads to more murders*, when I merely noted that the two were correlated, and explicitly said that they likely were not cause and effect.









*Clearly that's absurd; It's obvious that the correlation is due to the fact that successfully murdering someone is usually celebrated with an ice-cream.

I don't disagree that education is a factor, but to call it the main factor seems unlikely to me. The reality is that most people do want children, and they'll have as many as they can afford.
What???

In the 19th and early 20th century, people in places like Europe and North America had 7, 8 or 9 children while living in a 25 square meter flat with not enough beds for everyone to sleep at the same time, only being able to afford meat on Sundays (*maybe* dad had the privilege of getting a slice of sausage on weekdays, but only because the hard physical labour he was doing required extra nutrition), with the kids playing unsupervised in the streets while both parents worked.

LIterally, a a professional in a first world economy, you could afford 40 kids, probably on a single wage. Which is about 30 times more than the average first world professional family is having.

sure, there were also people who lived in splendid manors with a dozen servants and a carriage of four well-fed horses on permanent standby. Do you want to make an estimate what was their percentage of the overall population, and what was their contribution to their generation's overall birth rate? Here's a small hint: Victorian novels rarely paint a representative picture of their day.
 
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rousseau said:
I still don't think you're quite grasping that if the money doesn't add up it doesn't add up.
I still don't think you're grasping that that's not only not a new phenomenon, but it's actually less of an issue now than at any previous time in history.

Maybe in Europe. Maybe Down-Under. But it's a popular meme in the U.S.A. that "the American Dream is dead. For the first time in history, citizens no longer expect to be more prosperous than their parents."

rousseau said:
You're standing too close to the issue to be able to see the big picture. Times are hard for you, and your friends. But that doesn't mean they weren't even harder for your parents generation, and their parents generation, and so on for many generations.

You need to go back to the Medieval period to find a time when the latest generation weren't (on average) wealthier than their immediate ancestors.

By "average" I think you mean the arithmetic mean. Surely you'll agree that a statistic like median would be more appropriate here.

And indeed Google finds a "U.S. median family income" graph -- see below.
rousseau said:
And yet, almost everyone has always felt that they were struggling financially. And not without good reason.

My generation is most definitely (much) poorer than our parents, and subsequent generations have it even worse. I could list all the reasons why but you can safely assume that it's 'all of them'.

Most of all we live in a social framework where we need to fund our own retirement, but almost none of us have the means or support to do that. Which makes kids a non-starter.

The graph is adjusted for inflation and taxation. I think it should also be adjusted for per-capita GDP -- the total "pie" is much bigger than before, so family income has SHRUNK substantially as a share of the pie.

For that and other reasons (including rousseau's mentions) this graph paints a poignant picture about the state of "the American Dream" since the Carter Administration.

mfi3.gif
 
Maybe in Europe. Maybe Down-Under. But it's a popular meme in the U.S.A. that "the American Dream is dead. For the first time in history, citizens no longer expect to be more prosperous than their parents."

I can't speak for Australia, but in Canada my generation and those younger have it substantially harder than our parents. Literally every single variable about our lives is harder, to the point that quite a few of us can barely afford to house ourselves, let alone raise even a single kid.

I'll try to list the variables out for illustrative purposes:
  • The Canadian economy is becoming increasingly hollowed out, and high paying, secure jobs are hard to find and hold on to
  • Pension plans outside of the public sector essentially no longer exist
  • There is an actual housing crisis, and a substantial number of people can't afford to buy a home or even rent
  • The cost of food, tuition, and vehicles have gone up substantially
  • A university degree is almost worthless in today's economy, but having a degree or diploma is still absolutely necessary to find a good salary
  • Childcare costs are extremely high, and even getting your kid into a daycare is difficult
There's probably more, but I think you get the idea. I wouldn't just call our lives harder, I'd say that those my age and younger have very serious problems to attend to. When we reach retirement age there is going to be substantial social disorder.
 
By "average" I think you mean the arithmetic mean. Surely you'll agree that a statistic like median would be more appropriate here.
The claim is equally true in both cases; But you are right that the median is the better measure (and it also happens to better support my claim).
 
this graph paints a poignant picture about the state of "the American Dream" since the Carter Administration.
The graph paints a poignant picture of a US public who are bizarrely convinced that their taxes are pure waste, and get them nothing whatsoever of value.

In the real world, taxes go to infrastructure and services that would otherwise be less efficiently provided by direct personal expenditure.

Declaring a population to be worse off after tax is insanity.
 
I can't speak for Australia, but in Canada my generation and those younger have it substantially harder than our parents. Literally every single variable about our lives is harder, to the point that quite a few of us can barely afford to house ourselves, let alone raise even a single kid.
Yeah, what's harder is that back then, somebody else was doing it. Now the burden falls on you, and suddenly you understand how huge that burden is - but it was no less in the past.

Your parents may have been better off than you are; But their generation as a whole certainly were not, and they had it just as tough - indeed tougher.

Life has always been a struggle. Only recently has it been a struggle most people don't expect to kill them (or their children).
 
Life has always been a struggle. Only recently has it been a struggle most people don't expect to kill them (or their children).

Well, in my city there are ten times more homeless people now than there were five years ago. So maybe we are starting to move toward 'expect to kill them' territory again.

I don't think you can really use the distant past as a metric for what's happening now. In the past one hundred years we changed the very fabric of society to rely on high wages, and the expectation that there was a reliable safety net when we were no longer able to work. The trouble is, for my generation there literally is no safety net, none. What's going to happen when an entire generation of people who are still renting, have negligible retirement savings, and no pension to speak of, can no longer work?

Sure, things weren't perfect for the boomers and a lot of people struggled. For my generation and later the economy is a disaster, and if you can't see that you're not looking closely enough.

For reference, here's an article that came out in Canada recently:


“The coming period of recession will … accelerate the decline in living standards that the younger generations have already witnessed compared to earlier generations,” reads the report, entitled Whole-of-Government Five-Year Trends for Canada.

“For example, many Canadians under 35 are unlikely ever to be able to buy a place to live,” it adds.

In addition to worsening living standards, the RCMP also warns of a future increasingly defined by unpredictable weather and seasonal catastrophes, such as wildfires and flooding. Most notably, report authors warn of Canada facing “increasing pressure to cede Arctic territory.”

“Economic forecasts for the next five years and beyond are bleak,” reads the RCMP’s assessment of the rest of the decade, even adding a quote from French President Emmanuel Macron that “the end of abundance” is nigh.

But apparently people who are 60 and over report that Canada is the 8th happiest country in the world.
 
By "average" I think you mean the arithmetic mean. Surely you'll agree that a statistic like median would be more appropriate here.
The claim is equally true in both cases; But you are right that the median is the better measure (and it also happens to better support my claim).

Look again. The blue line and the red line tell essentially the SAME story: Stagnation after the Carter Administration.
As I said, factoring out productivity gains would make the point much clearer, and is easy to do. But what would be the point in a "discussion" with YOU?
 
Declaring a population to be worse off after tax is insanity.

Social services provided with tax dollars DECLINED after Carter. The reason for the greater tax burden for the median family was changes in the tax structure that took from the median taxpayer to enrich the already rich. And taxes for "defense" budgets which INCREASED under Reagan et al.

"insanity"? No . . . but somebody isn't demonstrating cognitive aptitude.
 
Declaring a population to be worse off after tax is insanity.

Social services provided with tax dollars DECLINED after Carter. The reason for the greater tax burden for the median family was changes in the tax structure that took from the median taxpayer to enrich the already rich. And taxes for "defense" budgets which INCREASED under Reagan et al.

"insanity"? No . . . but somebody isn't demonstrating cognitive aptitude.
That would be the person who expects others to include in their deliberations data not in evidence. None of this appears on your graph; If you felt that the graph needed that information in order to support your point, you could and should have included it.
 

For that and other reasons (including rousseau's mentions) this graph paints a poignant picture about the state of "the American Dream" since the Carter Administration.

mfi3.gif
There's a fundamental flaw in that chart that the author should have known about so I'm left with the conclusion that this is deliberate deception. Specifically, look what has happened to family size over that time. They are using family income, not per-capita income, because that is being reduced by the fact that an awful lot more people now live in single-adult households. That line isn't as flat as you think it is.
 
Are government statistics prepared by people who are stupid and/or malicious? I think right-wingers would argue that is so. Those on the left, however, might argue that malicious people tend to be right-wingers who practice their malice for profit in the private sector.

There's a fundamental flaw in that chart that the author should have known about so I'm left with the conclusion that this is deliberate deception. Specifically, look what has happened to family size over that time. They are using family income, not per-capita income, because that is being reduced by the fact that an awful lot more people now live in single-adult households. That line isn't as flat as you think it is.

Good point! Or rather, it WOULD be a good point if single-person "households" were included in the stat -- I don't think they are. And the portion of families with TWO working adults has increased over time; that would skew the stat in the OPPOSITE direction.

But these objections would be mitigated IF
These limits are based on HUD estimates of median family income, with adjustments based on family size.
The "adjustments", BTW, are non-trivial -- so weird or complex that they would provide scope for further quibbling. There are "economies of scale"! Children are less expensive than adults (unless you factor in saving or paying for college -- again a recently growing problem which would therefore skew the data implications in the OPPOSITE way that Loren fears).

The URL where the graph appears is shown above. It cites several sources, one of which I tracked down in the Wayback Machine.
Loren, perhaps you will study those documents and report on their "adjustments based on family size." Thanks in advance.
 
Ok, then can you demonstrate the mechanism by which the wealth of a nation leads to a lower birthrate, if not by making childcare costs much more expensive?
I already suggested a mechanism by which a third factor could be causal in both, leading to a correlation that is not causal.

my strong suspicion is that the underlying cause of both high birth rates and poverty is a lack of educational opportunities, and that it's education that's the major factor.

The wealth of a nation may well NOT lead to a lower birth rate; Rather, the availability of education may lead BOTH to a wealthy nation, AND to lower birth rates.

You're asking me to suggest a mechanism by which increased ice-cream consumption leads to more murders*, when I merely noted that the two were correlated, and explicitly said that they likely were not cause and effect.









*Clearly that's absurd; It's obvious that the correlation is due to the fact that successfully murdering someone is usually celebrated with an ice-cream.

I don't disagree that education is a factor, but to call it the main factor seems unlikely to me. The reality is that most people do want children, and they'll have as many as they can afford.

In poorer nations it's easier to have more because there are fewer associated costs. In wealthy nations having too many is dangerous.

I don't think you're really understanding how big of an impact finance is having on my generation. Contrast that to the baby boomers who had huge amounts of children, when the money was there.
I haven't read the entire thread, but your comment seems very ignorant to me. I am a baby boomer who had one child. One of my sisters chose to have none and my late sister had two. Most of my baby boomers friends had one or two children. You probably don't realize it, but we were the generation who was encouraged not to have many children due to the increasing world population. There are many baby boomers on this forum. I doubt many of them have more than two kids. Conservative Catholics may have had more kids. My husband's cousins had as many as 4, but their parents often had 8, so it's not baby boomers who had the most kids. It was our parents generation, at least in the US. I personally know quite a few baby boomers who had 7 or 8 siblings, but I don't know a single boomer who had that many children.

On the other hand, the millennials who I worked with until I retired about 6 years ago, had as many as 10 children and they were poor. The two smarter ones only had one or two children, but most of the others had 4 or more. I also have a friend who is barely Gen X, who chose to have 6 children. Not one of these people can afford the children they have and it wasn't because they had no access to birth control. In some cases, the first one wasn't planned, but the rest were. The friend who has 6 children has a 25 year old daughter who just decided she wanted a child with a man who she only dated briefly. She recently gave birth to the first one and she lives with her parents as she can't afford her own place on her meager salary. She worked two jobs prior to getting pregnant, but low paying jobs are in abundance in the states. Nursing and aide salaries have risen substantially since I retired too, so the value of a degree or certificate depends on the major or discipline. My Gen X son has been a programmer developer for years with a BS in computer science and an AD in computer repair. He just changed his contractor job to work in government because he hasn't had a raised in years, despite being constantly praised for his work. His wife refuses to work, so he needs more money to support his two kids and wife.

At least in the US, it's more likely that poor women are having more children. Based on my working with them, it seems as if many of them have children because they have little else to value.They love their children and find purpose in having them. Most of them seemed to be good parents, and some of them had very large supportive extended families to help raise them.

One who only had one child told me she was embarrassed to be receiving SNAP benefits. I told her if her asshole boss paid her more than 8 dollars an hour, she wouldn't need SNAP. I told her it was welfare for business. I have no idea how much help the others received, but I imagine most of them received subsidized housing and help with food, as well as Medicaid for their kids. I have no problem with that since I know that when kids are raised in a healthy environment with decent food, housing etc., they usually turn out to be more productive adults. So, denying them food, housing etc. hurts society at large, although I don't totally understand wanting more than one or two children. Maybe it's different in your country, but don't make assumptions about who has had the most children in the US. I don't think it was baby boomers, although poor baby boomers might have had more kids, just none that I know personally.

A lot of people in the US live well above their means. They eat out a lot, buy things they don't need or like my sister insist on buying homes in high status areas that they can barely afford. It's true that housing has risen substantially in the past few years, but at least in the states it's a supply and demand thing. Homes on my street that sold for about 135 to 150K five years ago, now go for over 250K. Investors have also bought up a huge percentage of homes and when they rent them out, they ask for extremely high rents. A lot of it is greed, not something due to any generation in particular. Enough ranting on my part.
 
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The demographic crisis is helped(?) by the rise of automation (including robots) and "smarter" software, further exacerbated if quantum computing achieves its "promise." These trends combined with the world-wide trend toward increasingly lopsided wealth distribution makes the future a scary unknown, IMO.

The trend will be self-limiting as subcultures with higher birthrates become a larger fraction of the population. Also, sex-selective sperm sorting technology is becoming more available, which will cause the trend to become self-limiting as misogynist subcultures become a smaller fraction while subcultures that value girls become a larger fraction.
Perhaps. But I am intrigued by an asymmetry in your comments. I also prefer women to men so don't take offense, but you contrast one type of subculture with the pejorative "misogynist" but avoid the complementary "misandrist" for the complementary subculture.
 
Being able to feed your children, to me, seems like it'd be an important factor in the decision to become a parent.
Being able to raise a family but not own multiple airplanes, yachts and second and third homes here and abroad, raising a family would seem like a pretty good life.
Offered the trappings of wretched excess, many (if not most) people will opt to go have fun and leave kids the hell out of it.
 
The demographic crisis is helped(?) by the rise of automation (including robots) and "smarter" software, further exacerbated if quantum computing achieves its "promise." These trends combined with the world-wide trend toward increasingly lopsided wealth distribution makes the future a scary unknown, IMO.
fpsyg-12-808976-g001.jpg


(Source: nih.gov)

The trend will be self-limiting as subcultures with higher birthrates become a larger fraction of the population. Also, sex-selective sperm sorting technology is becoming more available, which will cause the trend to become self-limiting as misogynist subcultures become a smaller fraction while subcultures that value girls become a larger fraction.
Perhaps. But I am intrigued by an asymmetry in your comments. I also prefer women to men so don't take offense, but you contrast one type of subculture with the pejorative "misogynist" but avoid the complementary "misandrist" for the complementary subculture.
That's not how "complementary" works. The complement of (subcultures that don't value girls) is (subcultures that value girls); it isn't (subcultures that don't value boys).

That said, people who try to skew the sex-ratio typically do it because they want boys, because their cultures don't value girls. I haven't heard of any cultures where people who try to skew the sex-ratio are typically trying to get girls. Have you?
 
Sooner or later nations have to limit their population growth. Stabilizing the population will undeniably cause some short term problems which may be severe, but it a pill that must be swallowed at some point.
I don't think nations get much of a say; It's a decision that's already been made in an almost purely democratic way by individual women, who are deciding for themselves to swallow the pill.
The declining standard of living for younger people who have the babies is doing the trick in many places. If you can't afford them, don't have them.
That's a popular hypothesis, but the observation that birth rates are negatively correlated with wealth strongly suggests that it's false.

You keep saying this like birth rates are only affected by one variable. And the logic doesn't really add up. Yes, wealthy countries are negatively correlated with birth rate, but that's not because people have more money, it's because raising kids in those countries is exorbitantly expensive, so only the ultrawealthy in those countries can afford them.

I'm literally seeing this first hand as about 50% of the people I know can't afford children and aren't having them. They need a house that's too expensive, childcare that's too expensive, a car that's too expensive, postsecondary school that's too expensive. Most of them just want to make sure they don't starve after they retire. But yes.. they live in a wealthy country.

I'm currently putting away more money per month for my kids education, than (probably most) families in many African nations earn in a year. And that's just a small part of our expenses.
I'd say it's both...

Money and education = few kids
Some Money and education = few kids
No money and no education = kids
Money and no education = ∅
No money and education = no kids

Available education is the limiting factor there, I think.
 
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